Some of these are so rare as to be considered as poor races, and in cultural trials do not produce the anomaly except in a very few instances. Heads of rye are found in a cleft condition from time to time, single at their base and double at the top, but this anomaly is only exceptionally repeated from seed. Flattened stems of _Rubia tinctorum_ are not unfrequently met with on the fields, but they seem to have as little hereditary tendency as the split rye (_Secale Cereale_). Many other instances could be given. Both in the native localities and in pedigree-cultures such ribboned stems are only seen from time to time, in successive years, in annual and biennial as well as in perennial species. The purple pedicularis (_Pedicularis palustris_) in the wild state, and the sunflower among cultivated plants, may be cited instead of giving a long list of analogous instances. On the other hand rich races of flattened stems are not entirely lacking. They easily betray [411] themselves by the frequency of the anomaly, and therefore may be found, and tried in the garden. Under adequate cultivation they are here as rich in aberrant individuals as the twisted races quoted above, producing in good years from 30-40% and often more instances. I have cultivated such rich races of the dandelion (_Taraxacum officinale_), of _Thrincia hirta_, of the dame's violet (_Hesperis matronalis_), of the hawkweed (_Picris hieracioides_), of the rough hawksbeard (_Crepis biennis_), and others. Respecting the hereditary tendencies these rich varieties with flattened stems may be put in the same category with the twisted races. Two points however, seem to be of especial interest and to deserve a separate treatment.