[28] _Op. cit._, p. 387. [29] _Introduction to Metaphysics_, English translation, p. 8 and _passim_. [30] e.g. 'Organisation can only be studied scientifically if the organised body has first been likened to a machine.' C. E., p. 98. Science is, I think, generally used by M. Bergson for _intellectual_ knowledge in contradistinction to intuitional knowledge. [31] F. P., p. 184. [32] _Essays_, vol. iii, p. 14. [33] _Essays_, vol. iii, p. 366. [34] F. P., p. 156. [35] 'There remained to assign a reason for that increasingly-distinct demarkation of parts, &c.... This reason we discovered to be the segregation, &c.... This cause of the definiteness of local integrations, &c.' F. P., p. 440. [36] F. P., p. 43. [37] _Essays_, vol. iii, p. 47. [38] F. P., p. 176. [39] F. P., p. 154. [40] _Proceedings Aristotelian Society_, 1912-13, p. 1. [41] _Popular Scientific Lectures_, English translation, p. 254. [42] _Lectures and Essays_, vol. i, p. 111. [43] 'But when we ask what this energy is, there is no answer save that it is the noumenal cause implied by the phenomenal effect.' F. P., p. 154. It is towards this and like statements that my criticism is directed. There can be no objection to the treatment, by physicists, of energy as an entity in the sense given below in note 82. Those phenomena to which 1/2 _mv_^{2} has reference are fundamental realities for physical science. [44] In a statement of the law of gravitation we may substitute the words 'in a degree' for 'with a force'; we may speak of 'the measure of attraction' instead of 'the force of attraction'. [45] _System of Logic_, Bk. III, ch. v, Sec. 3, Eighth Edition, vol. i, p. 383. [46] _Ibid._, Sec. 3 and Sec. 5, pp. 379 and 389. [47] Ps., vol. ii, p. 93; cf. p. 97. One has now, however, to add the realm of subsistence. [48] As a more technical example the following may be given:--The difference in properties of isomers is caused by difference of internal molecular structure notwithstanding identity of chemical composition. [49] If we take spark as cause and explosion as effect there is obviously no proportionality between the cause and its effect. Thus M. Bergson speaks of the spark as 'a cause that acts by releasing'; and he adds that 'neither quality nor quantity of effect varies with quality or quantity of the cause: the effect is invariable'. _Creative Evolution_, p. 77. Compare what Spencer introduced into the Sixth edition of F. P. (pp. 172-3), concerning 'trigger action which does not produce the power but liberates it'. According to the treatment in the text there can be no 'proportionality' unless both ground and conditions are taken into account.