The block tin condensing tubes should be about ⅜ of an inch inner
measure and seven in number, entering the tank through holes in the
front side of it near the top above the level of the overflow, and pass
down perpendicularly through the tank and out through the rubber
stoppers, tightly fitted into holes in the bottom; they should project
1½ inches below the bottom of the tank, and connect by short rubber
tubes, with glass bulb tubes, of the usual shape, which dip into glass
precipitating beakers. These beakers should project about 6½ inches high
by 3 inches in diameter below, gradually narrowing above, and should be
about 500 cubic centimeters capacity. The titration can be made directly
in them. The seven distillation flasks should be supported on a
sheet-iron shelf attached to the wooden frame which supports the tank at
the front; where each flask is to stand, a circular hole should be cut
with three projecting lips to support the wire gauze under the flask,
and three other lips to hold the flask in place, and to prevent its
moving laterally out of place while distillation is going on. Below the
sheet-iron shelf should be a metal tube carrying seven Bunsen burners,
each with a stopcock like those of a gas combustion furnace. These
burners are of larger diameter at the top, which prevents smoking when
covered with fine gauze to prevent the flame from striking back.
(14). The stand for holding the digestion flask should consist of a pan
of sheet iron, 29 inches long by 8 inches wide, on the front of which is
fastened a shelf of sheet iron as long as the pan, 5 inches wide and 4
inches high. In this are cut six holes 1⅝ inches in diameter. At the
back of the pan is a stout wire running lengthwise of the stand, 8
inches high, with a bend or depression opposite each hole in the shelf.
The digestion flask rests with its lower part over a hole in the shelf
and its neck in one of the depressions in the wire frame, which holds it
securely in position, and heat should be supplied with Bunsen burners
below the shelf.
THE DETERMINATION
One gram of the substance to be analyzed is brought into a digestion
flask with approximately 0.7 grams of mercuric-oxide, and 20 cubic
centimeters of sulphuric acid, and the flask is placed on the frame
described in an inclined position, and heated below the boiling point of
the acid for from five to fifteen minutes, or until frothing has ceased.
The heat is then raised until it boils briskly. No further attention is
required until the contents of the flask have become a clear liquor,
which is colorless, or, at least, has only a very pale straw color. The
flask is then removed from the flame, held upright, and, while yet hot,
potassium permanganate is dropped in carefully and in small quantities
at a time until, after shaking, the liquid remains of a green or purple
color.
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