Cassia is also found in the following provinces: Hunan, Shensi, Hupeh, and Eonsu, and under the following Chinese names: Yuk-quai-she, Toro-Tsao, Chu-eh or Tsao, Chu-eh, Eh-Ming or Chueh Mings; for drugs—fungus, Huei-hua, Mu-erh. The Chinese have varieties which they cultivate under special circumstances, almost sacred, and by their long familiarity with different kinds and their expertness in determining its value they use it in many ways of which we are ignorant. The thick bark of the old uncultivated trees found growing near the Annam frontier is very highly valued by the Chinese on account of its supposed medicinal purposes, especially a dark bark called Ching Fa Kwei from the trees growing on the Ching Fa Mountains in Annam. The bark is stripped from the limbs as are the other grades of cinnamon. It is only about sixteen inches in length, has a dark-brown color and dull flavor, is not so sweet as true cinnamon and has a bitter taste. The bark is thick and heavy and not uniform in size. It is not enclosed or quilled and is brittle, with a less fibrous texture. It is less pungent and has a more mucilaginous or gelatinous quality. The outer, corky bark is of a deeper color and is the kind mixed with much coarser bark, known as “Cassia Vera,” which is ground by our spice grinders in place of the true cinnamon. This bark is imported in mats of from three to four pounds each, bound up in bamboo splints, and is shipped in bales of about eighty pounds. Inferior cinnamon trees are found scattered over a large tract of country in the Indian Archipelago, C. Tamala Nees, and Eberm, extending into Silhet, Sikkin, Nepaul, Kumaon, and even into Australia. There are two species of Archipelago C., Cassia Blume and C. Burmanii Blume, the last being a Chinese variety found growing in Sumatra and Java, and the Philippines furnish “Cassia Vera.” Several other cassia Cingalese species of cinnamon cassia bark are found in their respective localities. In the Khasia Mountains of East Bengal there is the bark of Abtusifolium Nees, and C. Pauciflorum Nees, and C. Tamala Nees, and Eberm found growing at 1,000 to 4,000 feet elevations, shipped from Calcutta. Cinnamomum iners reinw is a kind found in India, Ceylon, Java, and Sumatra, and other islands in a variable state and has a paler and thinner and different veined leaf than the true cinnamon. Young branches of the tree are collected and tied up in fagots constituting cassia twigs, which form a large article of commerce. In order to powder cinnamon bark, it must first be passed through a cracker machine, as it is called, to reduce it to a proper size for feeding in a mill. The mill consists of a roller provided with very coarse teeth, which revolve through similar stationary teeth. The material is retained by a semi-circular, perforated plate, until it is reduced to the size of the perforation, or about the size of a coffee bean, when it is then ready for the burr stones.