Fig. 7 shows a lift- and force-pump suitable for raising water from a well 30 ft. deep, and forcing it to the top of a house. The pump barrel _a_ is fixed to a strong plank _b_, and fitted with “slings” at _c_ to enable the piston to work parallel in the barrel, a guide rod working through a collar guiding the piston in a perpendicular position, _d_ is the handle. The suction pipe _e_ and rose _f_ are fixed in the well _g_ as already explained. At the top of the working barrel is a stuffing-box _h_, filled with hemp and tallow, which keeps the pump rod water-tight. When the piston is raised to the top of the barrel, the valve _i_ in the delivery pipe _k_ closes, and prevents the water descending at the down-stroke of the piston. The valve in the bucket _l_, also at _m_ in the barrel _a_, is the same as in the common pump. The pipe _k_ is called the “force” for this description of pump. Fig. 8 shows a design for a deep-well pump, consisting of the usual fittings--viz. a brass barrel _a_, a suction pipe with rose _b_, rising main pipe _c_, well-rod _d_, wooden or iron stages _e f g_, and clip and guide pulleys _h_. The well-rod and the rising main must be well secured to the stages, which are fixed every 12 ft. down the well. An extra strong stage is fixed at _i_, to carry the pump--if of wood, beech or ash, 5 ft. × 9 in. × 4 in.; the other stages may be 4 in. sq. The handle is mounted on a plank _k_ fitted with guide slings, either at right angles or sideways to the plank. The handle _l_ is weighted with a solid ball-end at _m_, which will balance the well-rod fixed to the piston. By fixing the pump barrel down the well about 12 ft. from the level of the water, the pump will act better than if it were fixed 30 ft. above the water, because any small wear and tear of the piston does not so soon affect the action of the pump, and therefore saves trouble and expense, as the pump will keep in working order longer. It is usual to fix an air-vessel at _n_. The valves _o_ are similar to those already described. In the best-constructed pumps, man-holes are arranged near the valves to enable workmen to clean or repair the same, without taking up the pump. Every care should be given to make strong and sound joints for the suction pipe and delivery pipe, as the pump cannot do its proper duty should the pipes be leaky or draw air.