St. Nicholas: His Legend and His Rôle in the Christmas Celebration and Other Popular CustomsMcKnight, George Harley
History
St. Nicholas: His Legend and His Rôle in the Christmas Celebration and Other Popular Customs
McKnight, George Harley
Christmas; Nicholas, Saint, Bishop of Myra
Rev. Mr. ---- preached in Falmouth Street Church on Sunday night on
the Angels at Mons. I had seen in the papers that the Allies had
seen three figures in the sky in the retreat from Mons and that
although the Germans pursued them, they never could catch up with
them. But I just thought it some Roman Catholic superstition. But
Mr. ---- thought otherwise. He said reliable people on both sides
had undoubtedly seen them, and he thought the age of miracles is
not yet past and that if anyone had told him two years ago that
he would have been preaching to justify this vision he would have
thought him crazy. I really never heard a more wonderful sermon.
Rev. Mr. ---- has enlisted and goes overseas with the 85th.
The origin of such a miraculous tale and of others of the same kind,
such as that of the “Comrade in White,” and the credence given in our
own time, by critical, skeptical Protestants, enable one to understand
the origin of earlier stories of the supernatural and how in less
critical times general credence could be attached to stories to the
unsympathetic now often seeming preposterous.
[Illustration: Scenes from the Legend of St. Nicholas in the Stained
Glass (thirteenth century) of Bourges Cathedral.
Reproduced from Paul Lacroix, _Science and Art of the Middle Ages_.]
The Church, too, in earlier times was not rigorous in the exclusion
of extravagant features in the life history of its heroes. On the
contrary it permitted the fancy to play freely about the objects of
its veneration, was hospitable to the wonderful, the supernatural,
element in story. By various means it aimed to keep ever alive the
memory of the saints, not excluding the livelier details contributed
by popular tradition. Legendary stories in Latin prose formed a part
of the private reading of the clergy in their canonical hours, and in
vernacular prose or verse were read before popular congregations in
church on the days devoted to the honor of the particular saint.
Sometimes they found a place in the story repertory of secular
minstrels. Artists other than literary contributed their share toward
the perpetuation of the legendary story. The separate scenes in the
lives of the popular saints were presented in stained glass windows,
particularly in France,[34] in series of pictures on canvas, in wall
paintings adorning the chapels devoted to particular saints, especially
in Italy, or in sculptured series, in low or in high relief, as
architectural ornament or decorating the sides of baptismal fonts as
in the case of the St. Nicholas scenes represented in the fonts at
Winchester cathedral and elsewhere in England and on the continent.
In even more effective ways the stories were kept alive when the
principal scenes were reenacted in dramatic entertainments, by towns or
guilds in honor of their particular patron saints, or by schoolboys in
honor of their patron Saint Nicholas.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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