St. Nicholas, Vol. 13, No. 12, October 1886Various
General
St. Nicholas, Vol. 13, No. 12, October 1886
Various
Children's literature -- Periodicals; Children's periodicals, American
Suppose a ball is moving toward G, and rotating in the
direction shown by the arrow. Then the two quadrants A and D
will move with equal velocities. B and C will also move with
equal velocities, but B and C will not move as fast as A and D,
because in the case of A and D the velocity due to _rotation_
is to be _added_ to that of _direct forward motion_, and in the
case of B and C it is to be _subtracted_. Now the pressure of
the air on a moving body varies, as some power of the velocity
of the body; that is, the greater the velocity, the greater the
pressure. The quadrant A moves against the air with a certain
velocity, and the total pressure of the air on that quadrant
will be a force, acting toward the center (if we neglect
friction), which may be represented by the arrow at A. The
quadrant B moves against the air with a less velocity than A;
hence the pressure is less. Let it be represented by the arrow
at B. The quadrant C moves _away from_ the air with a velocity
equal to B; hence the pressure on C must be less than that on
B. The quadrant D moves _away from_ the air with a velocity
greater than that of C; hence the pressure on D will be less
than that on C. Evidently now from this arrangement of forces
the resultant force will lie somewhat in the position shown by
the arrow R. This will tend to force the ball away from the
direct line of flight and to curve it as shown by the dotted
line.
Thus we see that it is the _pressure_ of the atmosphere that
curves the ball, and not the friction. The tendency of the
latter is to curve the ball in the opposite direction, but
this tendency is unappreciable. This is where the mistake
of your correspondent in the February number lies; namely,
in considering the friction instead of the pressure. The
explanation of F. C. J. in the May number seems to me more
correct. The theory of “A Curver” in the May number, that a
ball could be curved more easily in a vacuum than in the air,
is entirely wrong. It violates Newton’s first law of motion.
“A body continues in a state of rest or of uniform motion in a
straight line unless acted upon by some external force.” In a
vacuum there would be no external force, and the ball would not
curve at all. Prof. Wood, in the article referred to, proves
that the more slowly a ball is thrown with a given velocity of
rotation the more will it curve. Does any one know how this is
practically? Hoping that I have not taken up too much of your
space,
I am, very sincerely yours,
J. R. S.
* * * * *
BRADY CITY, MCCULLOCH, TEXAS.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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