George Wither’s song on tobacco-smoking—Undergoes numerous alterations by later writers—Mr. Chappell, through Mr. Payne Collier, traces the original song to Wither—Bishop Fletcher succumbs to over-indulgence in the pipe—Rev. W. Bredon resorts to the hemp cut off the ends of the church bell-ropes as a substitute for tobacco—Raleigh carries the novelty to Court and makes smoking popular—Merriment in the city over the ‘tobacconists’—Ben Jonson’s mention of smoking—‘Every Man out of his Humour’—‘The Gipsies Metamorphosed’—‘Bartholomew Faire’—Dekker’s ‘Gull’s Horn Book’—His ‘Satiromastix’—Women smokers—The daughters of Louis XIV. smoke in their private apartments—England’s paper warfare over the merits or demerits of the weed—Joshua Sylvester supports the King’s ‘Counterblaste’—Heavy duty on tobacco and its ruinous cost to the consumer—Peter Campbell’s will—Sir Edwin Sandys on the sum paid for tobacco received from Spain—Dr. Everard on the ‘Wonderful Vertues of Tobacco taken in a Pipe’—Dr. Barclay’s Nepenthes—De Rochefort tells of smoking in rural England—Mentions the case of a Spaniard using a bit of the cable end in lieu of tobacco—Of smoking in bed—Mission’s remarks about the effects of tobacco on Englishmen—His verses in praise of smoking—Dr. Aldrich, Dean of Christchurch, Oxford—His song on tobacco, to be smoked while singing—His higher claims to admiration. CHAPTER X 184 THE TOBACCO INDUSTRY AND SMOKING PIPES Various kinds and sources of supply—Qualities due to climate, soil or other causes—Natural qualities determine destination—Strong kinds find favour in North America, mild in Europe—Cuba’s leaf richest in excellences desired by smokers—Cuba’s make-up the model for the rest of the tobacco producing world—The effect of the McKinley tariff on Cuban cigar manufacture—The highly prized and priced Havana legitimas—Small area over which the Havana plant is grown—Harvesting and curing operations in Florida—Packing of bales for exportation—Bonded warehousing accommodation and its regulations—Different kinds of cigars suited to different seasons and climates—Manila cheroots, their kinds and manufacture—Government monopoly and its removal—Illicit growth of the plant by mountaineers—Number of employés, their work and wages—Cheroots used in lieu of coin—Various kinds of tobacco offered to the consumer—Invisible life infests tobacco leaves—Tobacco culture prohibited in England except in Physic Gardens—Removed in 1886—Failure of English cultivation—Manufacture of cigars—Inequality of Customs duty—Historical view of tobacco pipes—Clay pipes—Meerschaum, its origin and manufacture—Briar-root and other materials used for pipes. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS