Produced by Al Haines _St. Paul's_ _Epistle to the Romans_ _A Practical Exposition_ BY THE RIGHT REV. CHARLES GORE, D.D. LORD BISHOP OF WORCESTER VOL. I (CHAPTERS I-VIII) LONDON JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET, W. 1902 FIRST EDITION . _February_, 1899. _Reprinted . . . . . March_, 1900. _Reprinted . . . September_, 1900. _Reprinted . . . . October_, 1902. OXFORD HORACE HART, PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY {v} PREFACE A good excuse is needed for adding to the large number of excellent commentaries on the Epistle to the Romans which already exist. But I think there is such an excuse. These commentaries are not of the sort which readers who are educated but not scholarly find it easy to master; so that in fact this epistle is at the present day very much misunderstood or ignored by such people. And again, partly owing to its interpretation at the period of the Reformation and by some Evangelicals of later date, it is still practically to a great extent viewed with discomfort and neglected by those who most value the name of Catholic. My excuse, then, for adding to the expositions of the Romans lies in these facts. One who is necessarily immersed in the practical work of the Christian ministry, and is yet struggling to keep himself in some sense in line with biblical scholarship, if his life involves special disadvantages, may yet hope to be useful in interpreting to ordinary Christians {vi} the results of the scholars. And I am persuaded that it requires one who enters thoroughly into the spirit of churchmanship, or the obligation of the one body, to interpret with any completeness the mind of St. Paul. This volume has practically no more connexion with lectures delivered in Westminster Abbey last Lent, than is implied in its being an exposition of the same epistle by the same person. The method of exposition in this volume is the same as that pursued in its predecessor on the Epistle to the Ephesians. After a general introduction, each section of the Revised Version is taken, or in some cases two sections are taken together, and prefaced by an analysis or paraphrase, as seems most useful, and followed by further explanation of the main ideas or phrases which each section contains. The 'appended notes' I have been obliged to defer to the end of the second volume--which, I hope, will appear within a year--with a view of approximately equalizing the size of the two volumes. CHARLES GORE. WESTMINSTER ABBEY, _Conversion of St. Paul_, 1899. {vii} TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE INTRODUCTION. (i) Origin and circumstances of the epistle . . . . . . . . 1 (ii) 'Justification by works' or 'by faith' . . . . . . . . 6 (iii) Justification, sanctification, and Church membership . 25 (iv) St. Paul's doctrine and modern spiritual needs . . . . 41 THE EPISTLE TO THE ROMANS. CHAPTER