[3] Sanday and Headlam's _Commentary_ (T. & T. Clark, 1895), p. xxviii. This commentary is henceforth referred to as S. & H. [4] See Rom. ii. 17; iii. 9, &c. [5] See Rom. i. 13; xi. 13-32; xv. 14-21. [6] Rom. xvi. 3. [7] See Rom. vi. 17, and remarks p. 234; cf. S. & H., p. xli. [8] Acts xv. 1-35. [9] Gal. ii. 1-10. [10] Rom. xv. 25-32. [11] Hort, l.c., p. 44. [12] Rom. i. 10, 11; xv. 22-24. [13] On the relation between the two, see later, p. 168. [14] 1 Macc. ii. 42; vii. 13 ff. [15] John v. 44. [16] Matt. xv. 6; xxiii. 23. [17] Rom. x. 3. [18] Acts xv. 10. [19] Rom. vii. 7. [20] See the argument of Gal. iii. 15-22. 'God is one' in a sense which excludes the idea of any relatively independent contracting party over against Him. [21] Acts xxvi. 14. [22] Col. ii. 20-22. [23] 2 Tim. i. 12. [24] Rom. x. 5-8. [25] Cf. iii. 22, 26, &c. [26] 2 Cor. v. 19; Rom. iv. 25. [27] 1 Pet. i. 21. It is of course the case that the name God in the New Testament is _generally_ reserved for the Father, though the proper divinity of Son and Spirit is constantly implied. [28] See below, p. 124. [29] Matt. xviii. 23-35. [30] 2 Pet. i. 9. [31] Rom. v. 9-11. [32] 1 Cor. vi. 11. [33] Cf. Hort, _First Ep. of Peter_ (Macmillan, 1898), p. 70. [34] It is noticeable that St. Paul never uses the verb translated 'to be sanctified' of persons in the present tense. It always describes an already existing state rather than a process. [35] Rom. v. 18, but cf. later, p. 202. [36] Hort, l.c., p. 24. [37] Eph. v. 25; Tit. ii. 14; cf. Acts xx. 28. [38] Ritschl, _Rechtfertigung und Versöhnung_, ii. p. 217 ff. Cf. S. & H., p. 122; and Orr, _Ritschlian Theology_ (Hodder and Stoughton, 1898) p. 169 ff. [39] The subject comes forward especially in connexion with chapters ix-xi. [40] I know that any brief statement about Luther's doctrine may be disputed, for his own statements vary considerably. But I think the tendency of his teaching is fairly represented above. [41] 'Acceptance' is already acquittal; but only in view of the new life of the body of Christ which is to emancipate man from the power of sin. Thus it is only as incorporated into Christ that he finds his former sin 'put away.' 'I believe in one baptism for the remission of sins.' [42] He should say, if he would represent St. Paul, 'works,' not 'good works.' [43] Essay on 'Righteousness by Faith,' in _Epistles of St. Paul_ (Murray, 1894), vol. ii. p. 264. The whole essay is very characteristic and very interesting, but not very Pauline. [44] Rom. v. 1. {46} THE EPISTLE TO THE ROMANS CHAPTER I. 1-7. _Salutation._