Omnibuses, displace “short stages,” ii. 193; “Wellington,” Stratford and Westbourne Grove, ii. 235; of Richmond Conveyance Co., ii. 296 Outside passengers first heard of, and probable origin of carrying, i. 95; miseries of, i. 98–102; first provided with seats, i. 181; treated with contempt by inside passengers, i. 210, 351–3; ii. 181 Pack-horses, i. 106–9, 111, 118; partly replaced by waggons about 1730, i. 117; pack-horse trains, ii. 124 Palmer, John, Post Office reformer, account of, i. 148–80 (Appendix, Vol. I., p. 359); proposes a service of mail-coaches, i. 155; plan for, matured 1782, i. 156; establishes first mail-coach, 1784, i. 158; proposes to extend system to France, i. 163; appointed Comptroller-General 1786, i. 164; contentions with Postmasters-General, i. 165–72; his character, i. 166; betrayed by Bonnor, i. 168; dismissed, i. 172; grant to, i. 173; death of, i. 174; ancestry of, Appendix, Vol. I., p. 359; descendants, 359 “Parliamentary Horse,” the, i. 218 “Patent Safety” coaches, i. 309–16; ii. 109 Pepys, Samuel, sets up a carriage, 1668, i. 11; in travelling, often loses the road, i. 112 “Pickaxe” team, _i.e._ three horses, ii. 270 Pickford & Co., i. 139; ii. 123–43, 208 ” Matthew, ii. 125–7 ” Thomas, ii. 125–7 Poor people, how they travelled, i. 115, 131–3, 139; find it cheaper to go by rail, i. 144 Postboys, _i.e._ mail-carriers, i. 146, 152; went toll-free, ii. 5 Postes, Master of the, i. 14 Post-horses, State monopoly of, i. 14–23; monopoly abolished, 1780, i. 23; mileage charges for, i. 15; increased, i. 18 Postmaster-General, office of created, 1657, i. 18 Postmasters, _i.e._ keepers of post-horses, i. 15–18, 147 “Post Office of England” created, 1657, i. 17; re-established, 1660, i. 22 Post Office, General, i. 14–19, 20, 22–4, 46–180; declines Hancock’s offer to convey mails by steam-carriage, ii. 268