STARGAZING: PAST AND PRESENT [Illustration] [Illustration: R. S. NEWALL’S TELESCOPE. ] STARGAZING: PAST AND PRESENT. BY J. NORMAN LOCKYER, F.R.S., CORRESPONDENT OF THE INSTITUTE OF FRANCE. EXPANDED FROM SHORTHAND NOTES OF A COURSE OF ROYAL INSTITUTION LECTURES, WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF G. M. SEABROKE, F.R.A.S. London: MACMILLAN AND CO. 1878. [_The Right of Translation and Reproduction is Reserved._] LONDON: R. CLAY, SONS, AND TAYLOR, BREAD STREET HILL, E.C. PREFACE. In the year 1870 I gave a course of eight Lectures on Instrumental Astronomy at the Royal Institution. The Lectures were taken down by a shorthand writer, my intention being to publish them immediately. In this, however, I was prevented by other calls upon my time. In 1875 my friend Mr. Seabroke generously offered to take the burden of preparing the notes for the press off my shoulders; I avail myself of this opportunity of expressing my very great obligations to him for his valuable services in this particular as well as for important help in the final revision of the proofs. On looking over the so completed MSS., however, I saw that the eight hours at my disposal had not permitted me to touch upon many points of interest which could hardly be omitted from the book. Besides this, the progress made in the various instrumental methods in the interval, and the results obtained by them, had been very remarkable. I felt, therefore, that the object I had in view, namely, to further the cause of physical astronomy, by creating and fostering, so far as in me lay, a general interest in it, and by showing how all departments of physical inquiry were gradually being utilized by the astronomer, would only be half attained unless the account were more complete. I have, therefore, endeavoured to fill up the gaps, and have referred briefly to the new instruments and methods. The autotype of the twenty-five inch refractor is the gift of my friend Mr. Newall, and I take this opportunity of expressing my obligation to him, as also to Messrs. Cooke, Grubb and Browning for several of the woodcuts with which the chapters on the Equatorial are illustrated; and to Mr. H. Dent-Gardner for some of those illustrating Clock and Chronometer Escapements, and for revising my account of them. Nor can I omit to thank Mr. Cooper for the pains he has taken with the woodcuts, especially those copied from Tycho Brahe’s description of his Observatory, and Messrs. Clay for the careful manner in which they have printed the book. J. NORMAN LOCKYER.