Stars of the southern skiesOrr, M. A. (Mary Acworth)
Science
Stars of the southern skies
Orr, M. A. (Mary Acworth)
Southern sky (Astronomy); Stars
At one end of the series we find stars like Gamma in the Sails of the
Ship Argo. When its light is spread out by prisms into a coloured band
it is a wonderful sight, for not only are there dark lines and dark
flutings, but wide bright bands mingle with these and stand out against
the fainter background. We are fortunate to possess γ Velorum in the
southern hemisphere, for it is the only bright star of its class. The
type is known as WOLF-RAYET STARS, from the name of their discoverer.
Only a few are known, and because of their faintness not very much has
been discovered about them, but it is remarkable that all of them lie
near the middle line of the Milky Way.
The bright lines in their spectra and some other features of Wolf-Rayet
stars point (as we have said) to a connection with gaseous nebulae,
and it is possible that they developed from nebulae not very long
ago—as time is reckoned in astronomy. Though this past is doubtful, the
future of these stars is clearly indicated: they are destined to become
Orion stars, for in stars like τ Canis majoris we see an intermediate
stage between the two types.
ORION STARS sometimes have bright lines in their spectra also,
especially the very blue ones found near nebulae, but the most striking
and characteristic feature is the series of dark helium lines, from
which they are often called “helium stars.” The three in Orion’s belt
are typical of this class; several first-magnitude stars belong to it,
as we have seen, and it contains others which are very bright, such as
β and δ Crucis, β Scorpii, α Lupi, α Pavonis, α Gruis, α Sagittarii.
Spica is a distinctly blue Orion star; Rigel and γ Gruis have already
lost the blue tint and are approaching the next stage.
For the Orion class passes by gradual transition into the SIRIAN STARS,
which may be called “hydrogen stars,” from the wide hazy lines of
hydrogen which are the most conspicuous feature in their spectrum. They
are also very hot and bright, though less so than the Orion stars.
Besides Sirius, a large number of bright southern stars belong to this
class, among which we may mention Fomalhaut, γ Centauri, β Carinae,
δ Velorum, and β Pavonis. Among stars visible to the naked eye this
is by far the most numerous class, partly, no doubt, because they are
intrinsically bright and therefore visible at distances where redder
stars could not be seen. This cannot however be the whole explanation,
or the Orion stars would be still more numerous instead of being
comparatively rare.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account