Statement of the Provision for the Poor, and of the Condition of the Labouring Classes in a Considerable Portion of America and Europe: Being the preface to the foreign communications contained in the appendix to the Poor-Law ReportSenior, Nassau William
History
Statement of the Provision for the Poor, and of the Condition of the Labouring Classes in a Considerable Portion of America and Europe: Being the preface to the foreign communications contained in the appendix to the Poor-Law Report
Senior, Nassau William
Poor -- Europe; Poor -- United States; Working class
In the morning of the 3d day we went to Wateren, which is
two leagues from Frederiks-Oord. Wateren is the colony of
Agricultural Instruction, to which are sent the orphans who
most distinguish themselves in their colonies. They amount
to 60, and acquire agricultural knowledge from a master, and
from the practice of working at a farm of 42 bonniers (nearly
103 acres) in arable, nursery grounds, and pasture. They are
instructed by the same master in the Bible, the history of
Holland, land surveying, natural-history, botany, mathematics,
chemistry, and gymnastics. They are better dressed than the
others, and wear a hat with a riband, on which is written the
name of the privileged colony to which they belong. Their
destination is to become superintendents in the free colonies.
The society derives from this colony an annual profit of about
900 flor. or 75_l._
_Veenhuisen._
On the same day, after a journey of three leagues, we arrived
at Veenhuisen, which contains one colony for the repression
of mendicity, two for orphans, one for indigent persons and
veterans, and one for inspectors of agricultural works. They
are intersected by high ways, bordered by trees and by canals
communicating with Amsterdam. Two great square buildings,
at the distance of a half mile from each other, contain, in
the part which looks into the interior quadrangle, the one
mendicants, the other orphans, and each contains, in the
rooms on the exterior, indigent persons and veterans. Another
similar edifice, at two miles distance, contains all these
three classes of individuals. In the midst of the three
edifices are situated two churches, one Catholic, the other
Protestant; twenty-four houses forming a colony of inspectors
of agricultural works, and an equal number of houses inhabited
by the officers of the colonies.
The children and grown-up persons have been placed thus near
one another for convenience, with respect both to their
agricultural and manufacturing employments.
The interior of each of the three great edifices is divided
into two sides, one for the males, the other for the females,
separated by the kitchen. On the ground-floor are large rooms,
containing each forty or fifty individuals. The upper floors
are mere lofts, and used as store-rooms.
The persons placed in the colonies for the repression of
mendicity receive a new and uniform dress, and for some time
are maintained without reference to the value of their work.
Their out-doors employment consists of agricultural labor,
brick-making, or turf-cutting: in-doors they work as artizans,
generally by piece work. The society fixes the amount of their
wages.
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