Transcriber’s Notes Text printed in italics and bold face in the source document has been transcribed between _underscores_ and =equal signs= respectively. Small capitals have been converted to ALL CAPITALS. ^e represents a superscript e. [T], [U] and [V] represent T-, U- and V-shaped symbols rather than the actual letters. More Transcriber’s Notes may be found at the end of this text. STEAM-SHIPS _UNIFORM WITH THIS VOLUME_ SAILING SHIPS: THE STORY OF THEIR DEVELOPMENT FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES TO THE PRESENT DAY BY E. KEBLE CHATTERTON With a Coloured Frontispiece by CHARLES DIXON and over 130 Illustrations from Original Sources, Photographs, Models, &c. _Extra Royal 8vo, 384 pages, in Designed Cover, Cloth Gilt, 16s. net_ [Illustration: THE “WILLIAM FAWCETT,” THE FIRST P. & O. STEAM-SHIP, 209 TONS, BUILT 1829. ON THE LEFT IS A BOMB KETCH, A TYPE WITHDRAWN FROM THE NAVY ABOUT THIS DATE. ON THE RIGHT IS H. M. S. “ST. VINCENT,” 101 GUNS. _From a Painting by Charles Dixon_ _By kind permission of the Peninsular & Oriental Steam Navigation Co._] STEAM-SHIPS THE STORY OF THEIR DEVELOPMENT TO THE PRESENT DAY BY R. A. FLETCHER WITH A HUNDRED AND FIFTY ILLUSTRATIONS [Illustration] LONDON SIDGWICK & JACKSON, LTD. 3 ADAM STREET, ADELPHI, W.C. 1910 _All rights reserved_ [Illustration: PREFACE] The story of the Steam-ship, and of its development up to the present time, covers little more than a hundred years. In the companion volume,[1] the evolution of the sailing ship necessitated a comprehensive survey of some eight centuries; but that we need vessels, not only faster than the sailing ship, but also more independent of the weather conditions, is shown by the fact that in the world’s shipping tonnage of to-day (omitting small vessels) the proportion of steam to sail is as nine to one. The “seven seas” must be crossed with speed and safety, in the interest of all nations that have a mile of sea coast; but the Anglo-Saxon race, as it has contributed--from either side of the Atlantic--most largely to the mechanical and structural development of the steam-ship, now depends most vitally upon the organisation of its naval and transportation systems. Napoleon said that the strength of an army lay in its feet; no less true is it that the strength of our Empire lies in her ships. [1] “Sailing Ships and their Story,” by E. Keble Chatterton, 1909.