America, steam vessels in, in 1817, 45 America, South, West Coast of, 263 American Civil War, vessels in the, 90, 98, 175, 329; blockade-runners, 327 American ice-breaking steamers, 369-371 American Line, 256, 291 American mail service, 150, 188 American Navy, the, 329, 339 American pioneers in steam navigation, 19 American river steamers, design of, 46 American Shipbuilding Co., 54 American steam-ships and foreign trade, beginnings of, 153 American subsidy to steam-ship service, 155 American train ferry-boats, 363 Amherst, Lord, 164 Anderson, Anderson & Co., 294 Anglo-French Co.’s fleet, 118 Animal-driven paddles, 2 Apcar, Messrs., Calcutta, 264 Appleton’s “Cyclopædia of American Biography,” 19, 23 Armour plates, 331 _et seq._ Armstrong, Mitchell & Co., 212, 364 Armstrong, Whitworth & Co., 336, 367, 369 Armstrong, Sir William, and cupola vessels, 330 Aspinwall, C. H., 188 Atlantic cable-laying by _Great Eastern_, 277 “Atlantic Greyhound” title won by _Alaska_, 250 Atlantic Liners. _See_ Allan, American, Beaver, Collins, Compagnie Générale Transatlantique, Cunard, Dominion, Donaldson, Galway, Guion, Hamburg-Amerika, Inman, National, Norddeutscher Lloyd, Red Star, State, and White Star Lines Atlantic records, 241, 250, 282, 288 Atlantic routes adopted, 241 Atlantic service. _See_ Transatlantic Australia, Cape route to, 291; discovery of gold, 232; first steam voyage to, 94; prize for fastest voyage to, 263 Australian mail service, 185, 295 Australian Royal Mail Steam Navigation Co., 263 Australian service of P. & O. Co., 180 Australian steamers, the coaling of, 256 Australian trade cargo carriers, 294, 297 Austria, Empress of, yacht of, 373 Austrian-Lloyd Steam Navigation Co., 267 Babcock and Wilcox boilers, 359 Baikal, Lake, ferry, 365 Baltic, Swedish railway ferry, 365 Banana trade, West Indies, 299 Barclay, Curle & Co., Ltd., 206, 294 Barnes, Joseph, 20 Barrow-Belfast service, 121 Barrow-Isle of Man service, 96, 121 Barrow Steam Navigation Co., 121 Batteries, floating, 312, 320 Bazin, M., invents steamer on wheels, 387 Beard, Mr., Scotch ironmaster, 115 Beaver Line, 253, 299 Bell, Henry, of Helensburgh, 61; relations with Fulton, 61; designs a steamboat, 62 Bell indicator for steward, 143 Belt conveyors, 349 Berlin, service to, 117 Bermuda floating dock, 355-357 Bernoulli, Daniel, 207 Bessemer, Sir Henry, and gyroscope boat, 379 Bilge keel, 281 Binney, Capt, L. & N.W.R. Marine Superintendent, 120 Bird-foot propellers, 7, 27, 207 Birmingham, Eagle Foundry, 4 Bishop’s disc engine, 313 Black and Saxton Campbell, Quebec, 134 Blackett, Capt., R.N., 214 Blockade-runners, 90, 98, 174, 175, 327 Blohm and Voss floating dock, 362 Blue Anchor Line, 297 Boats driven by animals, 2 Boats for safety, 78