Boilers, 229-230, 306; without water, 39; pressure, 210; tubular, 209; in warships, 337 Bombay floating dock, 363 Bombay, steamer launched at, 202 Borrie, Peter, 376 Boston-Liverpool trade, 288 Boulton and Watt engines, 30, 66, 81, 134, 311 Bourne, Messrs., 176 Bourne, William, proposition (1578), 6 Bows of steamers, shape of, 71 Branca, Giovanni, and steam (1629), 9 Brazil trade, 183 Bremen-New York service, 305 Bremen floating docks, 362 Brent, Mr., Deptford, 131 Bridgewater, Duke of, 61 Brighton, 106 Bristol-Waterford trade, 75 British and African Steam Navigation Co., Ltd., 299 British and American Steam Navigation Co., 138, 148 British and Foreign Steam Navigation Co., 110, 111, 177 British and Irish Steam Packet Co., 97 British and North American Royal Mail Steam Packet Co. _See_ Cunard Line British India Steam Navigation Co., 181, 185 British Queen Steam Navigation Co., 138 British steam-ships, beginnings of, 56 Brown, John, & Co., Clydebank, 337 Brown-Curtis turbine, 337 Brown, Mr. W. H., New York, 158 Brownne, Charles, builder of the _Clermont_, 36 Brunel, Isambard K., 78, 208, 236, 263; designs the _Great Britain_, 221; and the _Great Eastern_, 269-278 Brunel, Sir Mark, 224 “Bulk freighter,” 82 Bulkheads, 230, 235 Bunker, Captain Elihu S., rivals Fulton, 36, 39 Burmese War, 165 Burns, Mr. John, and Mr. S. Cunard, 150 Bury, Curtice, and Kennedy, Liverpool, 231 Bushnell, David, designs submarines, 206, 276; and applies screw propeller, 206 Caird, Messrs., of Greenock, 119, 241, 293, 294, 305 Calcutta and Burmah Steam Navigation Co., 181 Calcutta, steamers to, via the Cape, 184; and Suez service, 178; to Spithead, length of passage in 1840, 167 Calcutta Steam Committee, 166 California gold rush, 188 Californian trade, 188 Callao floating dock, 360 Calliope, the, musical instrument, 50 Caloric engines, 384 Cameron, T., & Co., Messrs., 100 Cammell, Laird & Co., 338 Campbell, Johnston & Co., floating dock at Bermuda, 356 Canada, mail steam-ship line to, 254; lines to, 255 Canadian-built lake steamers, 55 Canadian claims for first steam crossing of Atlantic, 135 Canadian ice-breaking steamers, 369-371 Canadian Pacific Railway, 299 Canadian trade, 289 Canso, Straits of, railway ferry, 369 Cantilever-framed steamers, 346 Cape route to India, 167 Cape to Spithead, length of passage (1840), 169 Cape of Good Hope mail subsidy, 183 Cape Town-Durban mails, 183 Cargo-boats, 342-352 Carron Shipping Co., the, 85-87 Carron Works, 56 Cartagena floating dock, 363 Cattle steamers, 345 Caus, Salomon de, 10 Ceylon-Hong-Kong mails, 179 “Chambers’ Journal,” account of the _Great Eastern_, 271-275 Channel Islands service, 109-112 Chester and Holyhead Railway Co., 103; absorbed by L. & N.W.R., 119 Chili, 189 Chili coal mines, 187