_Admiral de Ruyter_, the, 237 Admiralty, the, mail service and, 105, 110, 114; use of bulkheads and, 156; and mail service, 224; and mails to Channel Islands, 227 _Adriatic_, the, 179, 206–7, 208, 303 African Steamship Co., 216 _Alamo_, the, 307 _Alexandra_, the, 277 Allan Line: introduction of turbine into Atlantic service, 190; foundation of, 216 Allen, John, method of propelling boats by, 27; and lifeboats, 254 America, early steamboats of, 44; steam navigation in, 60, 63; development of steam engine in, 88; river steamers of, 258; lake steamers of, 264 American Line, 165, 173, 220 _Amerika_, the, 207 Anchor Line, 216, 220 _Anglia_, the, 222 _Arabic_, the, 179 _Araguaya_, the, 292 Archimedes, steam power and, 19 _Archimedes_, the, 120–1, 123, 124 _Argyle_, the, 84 _Arizona_, the, 155, 156 Armstrong, Mitchell & Co., 243 _Asturias_, the, 229 _Atalanta_, the, 228 _Athena_, the, 323 Atlantic, steamships on, 91, 96; the _Sirius_, 96–7; the _Great Western_, 97; early fares, 100; Liverpool-New York route, 101; the _Royal William_, 101–2; the _British Queen_, 102; inauguration of mail service, 105–7; the _Britannia_, 107–9; Collins Line, 118; the _Robert F. Stockton_, 119; _Scotia’s_ record, 129; Inman Line competition, 148; Cunard competition, 149; records of _City of Paris_, _Russia_, and _City of Brussels_, 149; White Star competition, 154–5; _Britannic’s_ record, 155; _City of Berlin’s_ record, 155; Guion Line competition, 155; _Servia’s_ record, 157; records of _Umbria_ and _Etruria_, 159; competition of ’eighties, 165; _Majestic’s_ and _Teutonic’s_ records, 169; _Lucania’s_ and _Campania’s_ records, 171; German competition, 173, 179, 180; _Kaiser Wilhelm II.’s_ record, 180; Allan Line and turbines, 190; records of _Mauretania_ and _Lusitania_, 204; Royal Line, 217 Atlantic Transport Line, 220 Atmospheric engine, invention by Papin of, 22 _Auguste Victoria_, the, 295 _Austral_, the, 162 Australia, inauguration of steam service to, 116 Australian Royal Mail Steam Navigation Co., 131 “Awning-deck” type, 286 Ayre, A. L.: “British Shipbuilding,” 313 Baird, Charles, 86 “Balanced” rudders, 318 Ballast, questions of, 315 Ballin, Herr, 212 _Balmoral Castle_, the, 219 _Baltic_, the, 167, 193, 194, 207 Barlow, Joel, association with Fulton, 49 Beam engine, 36; development and adaptation, 87; of American river boats, 262 Bell, Henry, and Symington, 55; experiments with paddles: the _Comet_, 78 _Ben-my-Chree_, the, 230 _Berlin_, the, 209, 289, 292, 302 Bernoulli, Daniel, 33 _Bessemer_, the, 225 Bibby Line, 215 Bilge-keels, of _Campania_ and _Lucania_, 171; of _Mauretania_ and _Lusitania_, 200 _Blackcock_, the, 235–6, 237