_Clermont_, the, 48, 60, 63; engines of, 69; original drawings for, 69; first trials of, 69; trip on Hudson, 70; at Hudson-Fulton celebrations, 70; alteration of, 73; disappearance of, 76; engines of, 88; steering methods of, 89; boilers of, 133, 137, 238, 261, 301 Clydebank Works, 319 _Clyde_, the, 110 “Clyde Passenger Steamer: Its Rise and Progress during the Nineteenth Century,” by Capt. J. Williamson, 78 Coal consumption, tests for, 293 “Coffin-brigs,” 105 Collier, improvements on, 250 Collins Line, 118, 173, 216 _Columbia_, the, 107 _Comet_, the (1), 48; building, 78; engines, 79; commercial failure, 80; wreck of, 82; boiler of, 133 _Comet_, the, (2), 82 _Commonwealth_, the, 261, 262 Compagnie Transatlantique, 212 Compound engine, principle of, 117 Condenser, invention of, 135; surface, 136, 167; of _Great Eastern_, 141 Continental routes, 223 _Copenhagen_, the, 229 _Cornelia_, the, 269 Cranes used in shipbuilding, 289 Cross-channel service, institution of, 82, 84, 221, _et seq._ Cunard Company: foundation of, 106; early ships of, 107; monopoly of Atlantic, 118; adoption of iron, and screw propellers, 128, 145; Atlantic competition, 149, 156, 170, 178; use of steel, 156; use of turbines, 191; agreement with Government as to _Mauretania_ and _Lusitania_, 196; new ships, 212; Mediterranean service, 220 Cunard, Samuel, and _Royal William_, 105; association with Robert Napier, 106; tender for steam carriage for mails, 106; British and North American Royal Mail Steam Packet Co., 107; correspondence with Ross and Primrose, 108 De Caus, Solomon, 7, 9, 20 Decks, evolution of, 149, 152; “turtle,” 153, 158, 168, 172; “bridge,” 162; of _Lucania_, 172; of _Oceanic_, 177; of _Carmania_, 191; of _George Washington_, 208; of _Balmoral Castle_, 219; of turretships, 246; of American river boats, 259; of lake steamers, 264; of yachts, 272; types of, 283–287; construction of in liners, 290 Deck-cargo, dangers of, 315 Deck tonnage, 312 Decoration in modern liner, 302 De Garray, Blasco, early experiments of, 14 De Jouffroy, Marquis, as first inventor of steamship, 8; experiments with Watt engine, 33, 40; second steamboat of, 41, 55 De Laval, Dr. Gustav, invention of turbine, 184 Denny, William, 81 Desblanc, Fulton and, 56; experiments by, 59 _Deutschland_, the, 198, 207, 213 Dickens, Charles, on Atlantic passage, 298–9, 300 “Displacement,” definition of, 146 Donaldson Line, 216 Dover-Calais route, first steamer on, 223 Dredgers, variety of, 239 Dredging of harbours, 211–2 _Dromedary_, the, 239, 261 Dublin Steam Packet Co., 221 Dundonald, Earl of, 133 Eastern Navigation Co., 139 _Eclipse_, the, 259, 260 _Edinburgh Castle_, the, 219