New York harbour, dredging of, 212; tugs of, 237 New Zealand Commission on causes of fire, 325 _Niagara II._, the, 311 Noah’s Ark, compared with _Baltic_, 193 Norddeutscher Lloyd, growth of, 174, 208, 209 North German Lloyd, 174, 216, 220 Northern Yacht Club, and steam yachts, 267 _Notre Dame des Dunes_, the, 253 _Novelty_, the, 121 _Ocean_, the (tug), 236 _Oceanic_, the (1), 138, 151–5, 168, 299, 300 _Oceanic_, the (2), 176, 179, 180, 215 Ohio, steamers of the, 258 Oil-lamps, first use of, 153 “Oil-tanker,” the, 243 _Olympic_, the, 207, 211 _Ophir_, the, 169 _Oregon_, the, 156 _Orient_, the, 161, 162 Orient Line, foundation of, 161 Ormsbee, Elijah, 57, 59 _Orontes_, the, 252 Oscillating engine, principle of, 132; of _Great Eastern_, 141; of _Leinster_, 222 “Overland” route, 115 Owen, Commander W. H., 323 _Pacific_, the, 133 Pacific Steam Navigation Co., establishment of, 113, 151, 161 Paddle-wheels, Roman use of, 13; on frigate _Galatea_, 14; early application of, 16–17; early forms of, 22; de Jouffroy’s, 41; Patrick Miller’s, 42; Symington’s, 43; Fitch’s, 45; of _Charlotte Dundas_, 47; Fulton’s, 49; Fulton’s experiments on resistance of, 65; of _Clermont_, 72–4; Bell’s experiments, 78; of _Comet_, 79; on early steamboats, 86; of _Prinzessin Charlotte_, 89; of _Savannah_, 91; “cycloidal” type of _Great Western_, 100; of _Britannia_, 109; of _Scotia_, 129, 130; in tugs, 239; of _Great Eastern_, 141; stern, 258; American “guard” system, 261; of _Commonwealth_, 263; first fitted to yacht, 268 Panama Canal, 114 Pancirolli, Guido: “History of Many Memorable Things Lost, &c.,” 16 Papin, Denis, 7, 9, 10; invention of steam engine, 21; first steamboat, 22; safety valve of, 23; correspondence with Leibnitz, 23–4 _Paragon_, the, 76 _Paris_, the, 166 Parsons, Hon. C. A., invention of turbine, 184 Parsons turbine for yachts, 274 _Peluse_, the, 239, 240 Peninsular and Oriental Co., establishment and first ships of, 114; “overland” route to India, 115; Australian service, 116; influence of Suez Canal on, 117; the _Mooltan_, 118, 161, 163; and Lund Line, 216; recent ships of, 218 Penn, John, 133 Périer, experiment with a Watt engine, 33, 40; association with Fulton, 50, 54, 56 _Persia_, the, 129, 147 _Philadelphia_, the, 165, 220, 295 _Phœbus_, the, 244 _Phœnix_, the, 76 Pirrie, Lord, 217 “Plunging-boat,” Fulton’s, 48 _Pool Zee_, the, 236 Popoff, Admiral, 276 Post Office mail packets, 224 Preble, Admiral, on Hulls’ experiments, 30; on American and English engines, 88 Prince Robert of Hesse, paddle-wheel boat of, 22 _Princess Mary_, the, 224 _Princess Maud_, the, 224 _Prinzessin Charlotte_, the, 89 _Priscilla_, the, 262