Propeller, problems connected with, 309–10; inward _v._ outward turning, 311; effect on steering, 317 _Providence_, the, 262 Pulitzer, Mr., 303 _Puritan_, the, 262 Quadruple-expansion engines, 166, 178 _Queen_, the, 230 Queen Victoria, yachts in honour of, 268 Randolph Elder & Co., 116 Reciprocating engine, Watt’s invention of “double action” for, 38; difficulties of, 209; of _Laurentic_, 210 Red Star Line, 150 Reed, Sir Edward, 319 Rennie & Sons, Messrs. J. T., 216 Repairs, curious, 294–6, 323 Resistance, Fulton’s experiments, 65; recent experiments, 66; varieties of, 67; D. Napier’s experiments in, 81; John Scott Russell and, 130–1; speed and, 176; experiments in, 321–2 _Richmond_, the, 76 _Robert G. Lee_, the, 261 _Robert F. Stockton_, the, 119, 124 _Rob Roy_, the, 81, 221, 223, 224 Rogers, Moses, 91 _Roode Zee_, the, 236 Ropner & Sons, Messrs., 248 Rotary engine, Watt’s, 37 Royal Commission on Tonnage, 313 _Royal Edward_, the, 217 _Royal George_, the, 217 Royal Line, 217, 220 Royal Mail Steam Packet Co., first contract for mails, 110; the _Teviot_ and _Clyde_, 110–11; _Forth_ and _Thames_, launch of, 111; removal to Southampton; extension to South America, 112; the _Trent_, 113 _Royal William_, the (American), 95, 103, 105, 221 _Royal William_, the (2) (1838), 101 Royal yachts, 277–8 Royal Yacht Squadron and steam yachts, 266–9 Rubie, John, 89 _Ruby_, the, engines of, 94 Rudder, balanced type of, 201; bow-, 231; of “bucket” dredgers, 240; action of, 317; types of, 318; loss of, 323 Rumsey, James, method of propelling boats of, 28; experiments by, 44; association with Fulton and Fitch, 44, 254 Russia, introduction of steamships into, 85 _Russia_, the, 149, 150 Russell, Scott, on Hulls’ experiments, 31; and “resistance,” 130–1, 137; and _Great Eastern_, 139, 319 _St. Paul_, the, 220 _St. Petersburg_, the, 229 _St. Louis_, the, 220 Safety-valve, discovery by Papin of, 23 “Sagging,” 99, 102 _Sagitta_, the, 278 Sailing ship, limitations of, 5 Saloon, position of, 152; fittings of, 153; of modern liners, 300, 302 _Sardinia_, the, 327 _Savannah_, the, 91 Savery, Thomas, inventions of, 24–5; “horse-power” calculations of, 39 _Saxonia_, the, 178, 220 _Scot_, the, 295 “Scotch” boiler, 151 _Scotia_, the, 129 _Scotia_, the (Holyhead), 222 Screw, first use of by J. Stevens, 63 “Screw-port,” introduction of, 169; of _Mauretania_, 201