9. STEAMSHIPS FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES 233 10. THE STEAM YACHT 266 11. THE BUILDING OF THE STEAMSHIP 282 12. THE SAFETY AND LUXURY OF THE PASSENGER 297 13. SOME STEAMSHIP PROBLEMS 309 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS _Page_ The “Olympic” _Frontispiece_ Hero’s Steam Apparatus 18 Jonathan Hulls’ Steam Tug Boat 30 The Marquis de Jouffroy’s Steamboat 40 Patrick Miller’s Double-hulled Paddle-boat 42 Symington’s First Marine Engine 42 Outline of Fitch’s First Boat 45 The “Charlotte Dundas” 46 The “Clermont” in 1807 46 Fulton’s design for a Steamboat submitted to the Commission appointed by Napoleon in 1803 51 Fulton’s First Plans for Steam Navigation 57 Fulton’s design of Original Apparatus for determining the Resistance of Paddles for the propulsion of the “Clermont,” dated 1806 64 The Reconstructed “Clermont” at the Hudson-Fulton Celebrations, 1909 70 Paddle-wheel of the Reconstructed “Clermont” 70 Fulton’s Preliminary Study for the Engine of the “Clermont” 75 Fulton’s plans of a later Steamboat than the “Clermont-North- River,” showing application of the square side connecting rod Engine 77 The “Comet” 78 Engine of the “Comet” 78 S.S. “Elizabeth” (1815) 84 Russian Passenger Steamer (1817) 84 The “Prinzessin Charlotte” (1816) 90 The “Savannah” (1819) 90 The “James Watt” (1821) 94 Side-Lever Engines of the “Ruby” (1836) 94 The “Sirius” (1838) 96 The “Royal William” (1838) 96 The “Great Western” (1838) 100 Paddle-wheel of the “Great Western” 100 The “British Queen” (1839) 102