Stellar atmospheres : $b A contribution to the observational study of high temperature in the reversing layers of stars — John Shaqi
Stellar atmospheres : $b A contribution to the observational study of high temperature in the reversing layers of starsPayne-Gaposchkin, Cecilia
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Stellar atmospheres : $b A contribution to the observational study of high temperature in the reversing layers of stars
Payne-Gaposchkin, Cecilia
Astrophysics; Stars -- Spectra; Stars -- Temperature; Thesis (Ph. D.)
From the astrophysical point of view, ionization and excitation
[Pg 15]
potentials are important as forming the basic data for the Saha theory
of thermal ionization, with which the greater part of this work is
concerned. A list of the ionization potentials hitherto determined is
therefore reproduced in the following table. The first two columns
contain the values obtained by the physical and spectroscopic methods,
respectively. The third column contains “astrophysical estimates,”
which are inserted here to make the table more complete. The derivation
of the astrophysical values will be discussed[13] in Chapter XI.
Physical values result from the direct application of electrical
potentials to the element in question, and spectroscopic values are
derived from the values of the optical terms. (See Appendix.)
TABLE III
Atomic
Number
Element
Ionization potential
Reference
Physical
Spectroscopic
Astrophysical
1
H
14.4, 13.3
13.54
1, 2, 3
2
He
25.4
24.47
5, 4
He+
54.3
54.18
3, 5
3
Li
5.37
3
Li+
40
6
4
Be
9.6
7
5
B
8.3
7
B+
19.0
7
6
C+
24.3
8
C++
45
9, 12
7
N
16.9
10
N+
24
9, 12
N++
45
9, 12
8
O
15.5
13.56
3, 11
O+
32
9, 12
O++
50
45
12
10
Ne
16.7
13
11
Na
5.13
5.12
14, 3
Na+
30-35
15
12
Mg
7.75
7.61
16, 3
Mg+
14.97
3
13
Al
5.96
3
Al+
18.18
17
Al++
28.32
17
14
Si
10.6
8.5
18, 19
Si+
16.27
18
Si++
31.66
18
Si+++
44.95
8.5
18
15
P
13.3, 10.3
20, 21
P++
29.8
7
P+++
45.3
7
16
S
12.2
10.31
20, 12
S+
20
9, 12
S++
32
9, 12
S+++
46.8
7
17
Cl
8.2
13
18
A
15.1
22
A+
33, 34, 41.5
23, 22, 24
19
K
4.1
4.32
14, 3
K+
20-23
14
20
Ca
6.09
3
Ca+
11.82
3
21
Sc
6-9
25
Sc+
12.5
19
22
Ti
6.5
26
Ti+
12.5
19
23
V
6-9
25
24
Cr
6.7
3
25
Mn
7.41
35
26
Fe
5.9, 8.15
7.5
28, 29, 19
Fe
13
19
27
Co
6-9
25
28
Ni
6-9
25
29
Cu
7.69
3
30
Zn
9.35
3
Zn+
19.59
7
31
Ga
5.97
3
33
As
11.5
30
34
Se
12-13, 11.7
31, 32
35
Br
1.00
13
36
Kr
14.5
33
37
Rb
4.1
4.16
34, 3
[Pg 16]
38
Sr
5.67
3
Sr+
10.98
3
42
Mo
7.1, 7.35
35, 36
47
Ag
7.54
3
48
Cd
8.95
3
Cd+
18.48
7
49
In
5.75
37
51
Sb
8.5 ± 1.0
26
53
I
10.1, 8.0
38, 39
56
Ba
5.19
3
Ba+
9.96
3
80
Hg
10.4
40
81
Tl
6.94
41
82
Pb
7.93
7.38
42
83
Bi
8.0
30
Bi+
14.0
30
[Pg 17]
1 Horton and Davies, Proc. Roy. Soc., 97A, 1, 1920.
2 Mohler and Foote, J. Op. Soc. Am., 4, 49, 1920.
3 A. Fowler, Report on Series in Line Spectra, 1922.
4 Lyman, Phys. Rev., 21, 202, 1923.
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