Stellar Evolution and Its Relations to Geological TimeCroll, James
Science
Stellar Evolution and Its Relations to Geological Time
Croll, James
Cosmogony; Geological time; Stars -- Evolution
It by no means adds anything to the probability of the first supposition
to assert that, according to it, such collisions will occur readily and
frequently. On the contrary, it would show that the supposition was the
less likely to be true. If the collisions were insufficient in
character, the fewer of them that occurred, the better; for the result
of such collisions would simply be a waste of the potential energies of
the universe. We should in this case have an innumerable host of
imperfect suns without planets, or with at most only one or two, and
these at no great distance from the luminary. There would thus be
evolved a universe without any grand planetary systems. There is still
another objection to the supposition. The same gravitating force which
makes the dark bodies liable to come into collision with each other
must, of course, make them equally liable to come into collision with
the luminous bodies, and with our sun amongst the rest. Our sun would,
accordingly, be at the mercy of any of those masses which might happen
to come within the reach of its attractive influence. It would pull the
mass towards it, and a collision would be inevitable, unless it so
happened that a transverse motion of the sun itself might enable it to
escape destruction. Even in such a case it could not by any means manage
to get rid of the entangling mass.
All this risk, in so far as gravitation is concerned, would have been
completely averted if an original projected velocity of some thirty or
forty miles per second had been conferred on the dark mass; for, in this
case, the attractive force of the sun would fail to arrest its motion,
and the mass would pass onward through space, never to return. This
simple conception of an original motion removes entirely those
objections which, we have seen, besets the supposition we have been
considering. With such a motion, not only would the risk to our solar
system be removed, but the collisions between the dark bodies themselves
would be a matter of rare occurrence; and hence the energy of the
universe would be conserved. And when a collision did happen it would be
on a grand scale, and the result would be not an imperfect sun without
planets, but an incandescent nebula, out of which, by condensation, a
complete solar system would be evolved. In fact, within the whole range
of cosmical physics, I know of nothing more impressive in its sublime
simplicity than this plan, by which the stability and perfection of the
universe is thus secured. How vast the ends—how simple the means!
CONSIDERATION OF THE FACTS WHICH SUPPORT THE THEORY, AND OF THE
LIGHT WHICH THE THEORY APPEARS TO CAST UPON THE FACTS.
I. _Probable Origin of Meteorites._
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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