[Footnote 301: This letter, dated August 3, 1850, is in the possession of Mrs. James W. Patton of Springfield, Illinois.] [Footnote 302: The characteristics of Illinois as a constituency in 1850 are set forth in greater detail, in an article by the writer in the _Iowa Journal of History and Politics_, July, 1905.] [Footnote 303: See Patterson, Early Society in Southern Illinois in the Fergus Historical Series, No. 14. Also Ford, History of Illinois, pp. 38, 279-280; and Greene, Sectional forces in the History of Illinois--in the Publications of Illinois Historical Library, 1903.] [Footnote 304: Between 1818 and 1840, fifty-seven new counties were organized, of which fourteen lay in the region given to Illinois by the shifting of the northern boundary. See Publications of the Illinois Historical Library, No. 8, pp. 79-80.] [Footnote 305: Ford, History of Illinois, pp. 280-281.] [Footnote 306: _Ibid._, p. 280.] [Footnote 307: See Davidson and Stuve, History of Illinois, Chapter on "State Policy."] [Footnote 308: Shaw, Local Government in Illinois, in the Johns Hopkins University Studies, Vol. I; Newell, Township Government in Illinois.] [Footnote 309: Harris, Negro Servitude in Illinois, Chapter II.] [Footnote 310: _Ibid._, Chapter III. See Article VI of the Constitution.] [Footnote 311: _Ibid._, Chapter IV. See also Moses, History of Illinois, Vol. I, p. 324.] [Footnote 312: Harris, Negro Servitude, pp. 125, 136-357] [Footnote 313: Journal of the Constitutional Convention of 1847, pp. 453-456.] [Footnote 314: _Whig Almanac_, 1841.] [Footnote 315: _Ibid._, 1845.] [Footnote 316: Smith, Liberty and Free Soil Parties, pp. 326-327.] [Footnote 317: Smith, Liberty and Free Soil Parties, pp. 328-329.] [Footnote 318: House Journal, p. 52.] [Footnote 319: All these fifteen voted for the Democratic candidate for Speaker of the House.] [Footnote 320: House Journal, p. 52; Senate Journal, p. 44. See also Harris, Negro Servitude in Illinois, p. 177.] [Footnote 321: See Speech in Senate, December 23, 1851.] [Footnote 322: See the writer's article on "The Genesis of Popular Sovereignty" in the _Iowa Journal of History and Politics_ for January, 1905.] [Footnote 323: Davidson and Stuve, History of Illinois, pp. 241-242.] [Footnote 324: _Northwestern Gazette_, March 19, 1842.] [Footnote 325: September 27, 1849.] [Footnote 326: Compare his utterances on the following dates: January 10, 1849; January 22, 1849; October 23, 1849 at Springfield, Illinois; February 12, 1850; June 3, 1850.] CHAPTER IX MEASURES OF ADJUSTMENT