[Footnote 341: John Wentworth, in his _Congressional Reminiscences_, hints at some vote-getting in the East by tariff concessions; but Douglas insisted that it was the Chicago branch, promising to connect with Eastern roads, which won votes in New York, Pennsylvania and New England. See Illinois _State Register_, March 13, 1851. The subject is discussed by Sanborn, Congressional Grants, pp. 35-36.] [Footnote 342: _Globe_, 31 Cong., 1 Sess., p. 853.] [Footnote 343: _Ibid._, p. 869.] [Footnote 344: The economic significance of the Illinois Central Railroad appears in a letter of Vice-President McClellan to Douglas in 1856. The management was even then planning to bring sugar from Havana directly to the Chicago market, and to take the wheat and pork of the Northwest to the West Indies _via_ New Orleans.] [Footnote 345: _Globe_, 31 Cong., 1 Sess., App., p. 365.] [Footnote 346: _Globe_, 31 Cong., 1 Sess., App., p. 366.] [Footnote 347: _Globe_, 31 Cong., 1 Sess., App., pp. 369-370.] [Footnote 348: _Globe,_ 31 Cong., 1 Sess., App., p. 370.] [Footnote 349: _Ibid._] [Footnote 350: _Globe_, 31 Cong., 1 Sess., App., p. 371. I have italicized one phrase because of its interesting relation to the Kansas-Nebraska Act.] [Footnote 351: _Globe_, 31 Cong., 1 Sess., App., p. 373.] [Footnote 352: Stephens, Const. View of the War between the States, II, pp. 178 ff.] [Footnote 353: For an account of this interesting episode, see Stephens, War Between the States, II, pp. 202-204. Boyd, not McClernand, was chairman of the House Committee, but the latter introduced the bills by agreement with Richardson.] [Footnote 354: _Globe_, 31 Cong., 1 Sess., pp. 662, 757.] [Footnote 355: See Sheahan, Douglas, pp. 132-134. See also Douglas's speech in the Senate, Dec. 23, 1851, and the testimony of Jefferson Davis, _Globe_, 31 Cong., 1 Sess., p. 1830.] [Footnote 356: _Globe_, 31 Cong., 1 Sess., p. 1115.] [Footnote 357: _Ibid._, p. 1116.] [Footnote 358: _Globe_, 31 Cong., 1 Sess., pp. 1134-1135.] [Footnote 359: _Ibid._, p. 1135.] [Footnote 360: _Ibid._, p. 1134.] [Footnote 361: _Ibid._, pp. 1143-1144.] [Footnote 362: _Globe_, 36 Cong., 1 Sess., App., pp. 305-306; also Cutts, Constitutional and Party Questions, pp. 80-81.] [Footnote 363: _Globe_, 31 Cong., 1 Sess., App., pp. 1480-1481. Rhodes, History of the United States, I, p. 181.] [Footnote 364: Rhodes, History of the United States, I, pp. 182-183.] [Footnote 365: _Globe_, 32 Cong., 1 Sess., App., p. 66.] [Footnote 366: _Globe_, 31 Cong., 1 Sess., pp. 1829-1830.] [Footnote 367: _Ibid._, p. 1830.] [Footnote 368: See his speech in Chicago; Sheahan, Douglas, p. 169.] [Footnote 369: When Douglas reported the bills, he announced that there was a difference of opinion in the committee on some points, in regard to which each member reserved the right of stating his own opinion and of acting in accordance therewith. See _Globe_, 31 Cong., 1 Sess., p. 592.] CHAPTER X YOUNG AMERICA