Minor æstheticians in the metaphysical school--Krause, Trahndorff, Weisse and others--Fried. Theodor Vischer--Other tendencies--Theory of the Beautiful in nature, and that of the Modifications of Beauty--Development of the first theory: Herder--Schelling, Solger, Hegel--Schleiermacher--Alexander von Humboldt--Vischer's "Æsthetic Physics"--The theory of the Modifications of Beauty: from antiquity to the eighteenth century--Kant and the post-Kantians--Culmination of the development--Double form of the theory: the overcoming of the ugly: Solger, Weisse and others--Passage from abstract to concrete: Vischer--The "legend of Sir Purebeauty" XIV ÆSTHETIC IN FRANCE, ENGLAND AND ITALY DURING THE FIRST HALF OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY Æsthetic movement in France: Cousin, Jouffroy--English Æsthetic-- Italian Æsthetic--Rosmini and Gioberti--Italian Romantics. Dependence of art XV FRANCESCO DE SANCTIS F. de Sanctis: development of his thought--Influence of Hegelism--Unconscious criticism of Hegelism--Criticisms of German Æsthetic--Final rebellion against metaphysical Æsthetic--De Sanctis' own theory--The concept of form--De Sanctis as art-critic--De Sanctis as philosopher XVI ÆSTHETIC OF THE EPIGONI Revival of Herbartian Æsthetic--Robert Zimmermann--Vischer _versus_ Zimmermann--Hermann Lotze--Efforts to reconcile Æsthetic of form and Æsthetic of content--K. Köstlin--Æsthetic of content. M. Schasler--Eduard von Hartmann--Hartmann and the theory of modifications--Metaphysical Æsthetic in France: C. Levêque--In England: J. Ruskin--Æsthetic in Italy--Antonio Tari and his lectures--Æsthesigraphy XVII ÆSTHETIC POSITIVISM AND NATURALISM Positivism and evolutionism--Æsthetic of H. Spencer--Physiologists of Æsthetic: Grant Allen, Helmholtz and others--Method of the natural sciences in Æsthetic--H. Taine's Æsthetic--Taine's metaphysic and moralism--G. T. Fechner: inductive Æsthetic--Experiments--Trivial nature of his ideas on Beauty and Art--Ernst Grosse: speculative Æsthetic and the Science of Art--Sociological Æsthetic--Proudhon--J. M. Guyau--M. Nordau--Naturalism: C. Lombroso--Decline of linguistic--Signs of revival: H. Paul--The linguistic of Wundt XVIII ÆSTHETIC PSYCHOLOGISM AND OTHER RECENT TENDENCIES Neo-criticism and empiricism--Kirchmann--Metaphysic translated into Psychology: Vischer--Siebeck--M. Diez--Psychological tendency. Teodor Lipps--K. Groos--The modifications of the Beautiful in Groos and Lipps--E. Véron and the double form of Æsthetic--L. Tolstoy--F. Nietzsche --An æsthetician of Music: E. Hanslick--Hanslick's concept of form --Æstheticians of the figurative arts: C. Fiedler--Intuition and expression--Narrow limits of these theories--H. Bergson--Attempts to return to Baumgarten: C. Hermann--Eclecticism: B. Bosanquet --Æsthetic of expression: present state XIX HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF SOME PARTICULAR DOCTRINES Result of the history of Æsthetic--History of science and history of the scientific criticism of particular errors