STIRLING CASTLE PUBLISHED BY JAMES MACLEHOSE AND SONS, GLASGOW, Publishers to the University. MACMILLAN AND CO., LTD., LONDON. _New York_, _The Macmillan Co._ _Toronto_, _The Macmillan Co. of Canada_. _London_, _Simpkin, Hamilton and Co._ _Cambridge_, _Bowes and Bowes_. _Edinburgh_, _Douglas and Foulis_. _Sydney_, _Angus and Robertson_. MCMXIII. [Illustration: STIRLING CASTLE.] STIRLING CASTLE ITS PLACE IN SCOTTISH HISTORY BY ERIC STAIR-KERR M.A. EDIN. AND OXON., F.S.A. SCOT. AUTHOR OF “SCOTLAND UNDER JAMES IV” _WITH EIGHTEEN ILLUSTRATIONS BY HUGH ARMSTRONG CAMERON_ GLASGOW JAMES MACLEHOSE AND SONS PUBLISHERS TO THE UNIVERSITY 1913 PREFACE Stirling Castle is a many-sided subject that can be treated in more than one way. The story of the castle might be dealt with in a book divided into sections, each one taking up a special part, such as Military History, Stirling as a Royal Palace, Notable Visitors, etc.; but I have thought it better to set forth the whole of the castle’s history in chronological order, and, after discussing the buildings and their associations, to bring together the salient events connected with the three chief Scottish strongholds, and to record what the poets have said about Stirling. With regard to dates, for the sake of simplicity I have adopted the historical computation; that is to say, the years have been reckoned as if they had always begun on the 1st of January and not on the 25th of March, as was the rule in Scotland until 1600. For example, the date of Prince Henry’s birth is given as February, 1594, although the event was considered at the time to belong to the year 1593. I am glad to express here my thanks to my uncle, the Rev. Eric Robertson, for suggesting that I should undertake this work, and for valuable hints given from time to time; to Mr. David B. Morris, Stirling, who has always responded most willingly to any appeal for help, and who has kindly read the proofs; and to Mr. James Hyslop, Edinburgh, for guidance in the subject of the buildings of the castle. To the artist, Mr. Cameron, I am grateful for the whole-hearted interest which he has taken in my part of the work as well as in his own. E. S. K. CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I. EARLY HISTORY 1 II. THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE 18 III. THE EARLY STEWARTS 36 IV. JAMES V. AND MARY 57 V. JAMES VI. 79 VI. LATER HISTORY 114 VII. THE BUILDINGS, THE PARK, AND THE BRIDGE 133 VIII. THE ASSOCIATIONS OF THE BUILDINGS 161