The Hapsaroke, by imitating the flapping of the bird’s wings with the two hands, palms downwards, brought close to the shoulders. The Kiowas, or Prairie-men, make the signs of the prairie, and of drinking water. The Yutas, they who live on mountains, have a complicated sign which denotes “living in mountains.” The Black-feet, called by the Yutas Paike or Goers, pass the right hand, bent spoon-fashion, from the heel to the little toe of the right foot. The following are a few preliminaries indispensable to the prairie traveller: _Halt!_ Raise the hand, with the palm in front, and push it backward and forward several times, a gesture well known in the East. _I don’t know you._ Move the raised hand, with the palm in front, slowly to the right and left. _I am angry._ Close the fist, place it against the forehead, and turn it to and fro in that position. _Are you friendly?_ Raise both hands, grasped as if in the act of shaking hands, or lock the two forefingers together, while the hands are raised. _See._ Strike out the two forefingers forward from the eyes. _Smell._ Touch the nose-tip. A bad smell is expressed by the same sign, ejaculating at the same time, “pooh,” and making the sign of bad. _Taste._ Touch the tongue-tip. _Eat._ Imitate the actions of conveying food with the fingers to the mouth. _Drink._ Scoop up with the hand imaginary water into the mouth. _Smoke._ With the crooked index describe a pipe in the air, beginning at the lips, then wave the open hand from the mouth to imitate curls of smoke. _Speak._ Extend the open hand from the chin. _Fight._ Make a motion with both fists to and fro like a pugilist of the eighteenth century who preferred a high guard. _Kill._ Smite the sinister palm earthwards, with the dexter fist sharply, the sign of going down, or strike out with the dexter fist towards the ground, meaning to “shut down,” or pass the dexter index under the left forefinger, meaning to “go under.” Some of the symbols of relationship are highly appropriate and not ungraceful or unpicturesque. Man is denoted by a sign which will not admit of description; woman by passing the hand down both sides of the head, as if smoothing or stroking the long hair. For a child, a bit of the index held between the antagonised thumb and medius is shown. The same sign expresses both parents, with additional explanations. To say, for instance, _my mother_, you would first pantomime “I,” or, which is the same thing, _my_, then _woman_, and finally, the symbol of parentage. _My grandmother_ would be conveyed in the same way, adding to the end, clasped hands, closed eyes, and like an old woman’s bent back. The sign for brother and sister is perhaps the prettiest; the two first finger-tips are put into the mouth, denoting that they fed from the same breast. For the wife--squaw is now becoming a word of reproach amongst the Indians--the dexter forefinger is passed between the extended thumb and index of the left.