Stonehenge and Other British Stone Monuments Astronomically ConsideredLockyer, Norman, Sir
History
Stonehenge and Other British Stone Monuments Astronomically Considered
Lockyer, Norman, Sir
Druids and Druidism; Great Britain -- Antiquities; Stonehenge (England); Sun worship; Temples
The chief interest appears to lie on the N.E. quadrant, where, in
addition to a famous longstone on a hill about a mile away, the nest of
holed stones and several of the barrows are located. Carn Kenidjack, a
famous landmark, lies to the north.
Of the two circles, I confined my attention almost exclusively to the
eastern one, as the other is in a fragmentary condition, though it is
still traceable. It is hidden almost entirely from the eastern circle by
a modern hedge.
Mr. Horton Bolitho, who accompanied us in January, has again visited the
spot, with Mr. Thomas, for the purpose of further exploration, and
determining the angular height of the sky-line along the different
alignments, which I have plotted from the 6-inch and 25-inch maps. My
readers will therefore see that my part of the work has been a small
one, and that they are chiefly indebted to those I have named.
No theodolite survey has as yet been made for determining the azimuths
and the height of the hills. The following approximate azimuths have
been determined by myself from a 25-inch map, and the elevations by Mr.
Horton Bolitho by means of a miner’s dial.
Alignments. Azimuth. Elevation.
1. Apex of Carn N. 12° 8′E. 4′ 0′
2. Barrow 800′ distant N. 20 8 E. 3 50
3. Two barrows 900′ distant N. 50 8 E. 1 50
4. Holed stones N. 53 20 E. 1 15
5. Longstone N. 66 38 E. 2 10
6. Stone N. 76 13 E.
The carn referred to in the above table is Carn Kenidjack, called “the
hooting cairn.” The rocks on the summit, in which there is a remarkable
depression, are still by local superstition supposed to emit evil sounds
by night.
[Illustration: _Photo. by Lady Lockyer._
FIG. 54.--The Eastern Circle at Tregaseal.]
Of the sight-lines studied so far, those to and from the Longstone and
the holed stones seem the most important. The Longstone,[117] 1¹⁄₂ miles
to the N.E., is a monolith 10 feet high on the western side of a hill;
it is visible from the circle though furze has grown round and partly
hidden it.
The meanings of the various alignments seem to be as follows:--
Decl. N. Star. Date.
1. Apex of Carn 42° 33′ 0″ Arcturus 2330 B.C.
2. Barrow 800′ distant 40 29 0 „ 1970 „
3. Two barrows 900′ distant 25 20 21 ? Solstitial
4. Holed stones 23 2 20 ? „
5. Longstone 16 2 0 May sun
6. Stone 9 15 0 Pleiades 1270 B.C.
Regarding the possible solstitial alignments, the declinations obtained
may be neglected until the azimuths and angular heights of the hills
have been determined with a good theodolite. A change of -10′ in the
angular elevation, and hence about that in the resulting declination,
would bring the date given by the barrows to about 2000 B.C.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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