Stonehenge and Other British Stone Monuments Astronomically ConsideredLockyer, Norman, Sir
History
Stonehenge and Other British Stone Monuments Astronomically Considered
Lockyer, Norman, Sir
Druids and Druidism; Great Britain -- Antiquities; Stonehenge (England); Sun worship; Temples
The position of the Longstone is well worthy of attention. Several very
fine monuments which mark the surrounding horizon are visible from it in
azimuths with which other monuments have made us familiar. They are as
follows:--
Alignment. Az. Hills.
Longstone to Mên-an-tol N. 50° 30′ E. 0° 34′
„ Nine Maidens (Boskednan) N. 54 0 E. 1 0
„ W. Lanyon Quoit N. 67 0 E. 0 0
„ Lanyon Quoit N. 72 45 E. 0 0
These values, of which the angular heights of the hills were determined
approximately from the contours on the 1-inch Ordnance map, lead us to
the following declinations:--
Alignment. Decl. Star. Date.
Longstone to Mên-an-tol 24° 7′ N. Solstitial sun.
„ Nine Maidens 22 37 N. „
(Boskednan)
„ W. Lanyon Quoit 14 3 N. May sun.
„ Lanyon Quoit 10 30 N. Pleiades 1030 B.C.
[Illustration: FIG. 55.--Photograph of Ordnance Map, showing
sight-lines.]
The May-sun alignment, it may be noted, differs from that from the
circle. The heights of hills when determined may give us the same solar
declination; that now used gives the declination for April 28 and August
15 in our present calendar.
Regarding the alignment on Lanyon Quoit, it need only be pointed out
that the Pleiades date obtained is some 200 years after the date
obtained for the analagous alignment from the circle, showing that if
these two monuments--the Tregaseal circle and the Longstone--have any
relationship, the removal to the high plain, now known as Woon Gumpus
and Boswen Commons, was an afterthought improvement.
I next come to the holed stones, not only the nest of them not far from
the circle, but the famous Mên-an-tol itself.
I had heard before going to Tregaseal that the four holed stones shown
on the Ordnance map had been knocked down and set up again (not
necessarily in their old places) two or three times. Mr. Horton Bolitho
and Mr. Thomas, however, in their examination were convinced that the
largest of them has never been moved. They also express the belief that
the others are not more than a foot or so from their original positions,
and that this change is only due to their re-erection by Mr. Cornish
after they had fallen down. So far I have heard nothing of the direction
of the hole in the stone which retains its original position.
Another interesting matter is that the explorers in question were able
to trace an ancient stone alignment from the circle to the holed
stones.
I have long held that these holed stones were arrangements for
determining an alignment. The famous Odin stone at Stenness, long since
disappeared, was, if we may trust the very definite statements made
about its position, used to observe the Barnstone in one direction and
the chief circle in the other.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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