Stories and Ballads of the Far Past: Translated from the Norse (Icelandic and Faroese) with Introductions and NotesChadwick, Nora K. (Nora Kershaw)
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Stories and Ballads of the Far Past: Translated from the Norse (Icelandic and Faroese) with Introductions and Notes
Chadwick, Nora K. (Nora Kershaw)
Folk songs, Scandinavian; Old Norse literature -- Translations into English; Sagas
_Wolves are always struggling for it._ See _Gylfaginning_, ch. 12
(from _GrÌmnism·l_, str. 39).
_He who made it_, etc. I have followed Heusler's reading and read _er_
for _ker_ and _˛Û_ or _sj·_ for _˛·_.
_Laying their eggs._ For _verja_ read _verpa_.
_Have no husbands._ For _eigu_, read _eigut_, as on p. 121.
_Game of chess._ The text has _hneftafl_, i.e. a game having certain
features in common with chess which was played in Iceland till the
introduction of the latter, probably in the thirteenth century.
Game-pieces have been discovered in Iceland which were probably used
for this game. Some are plain and hemispherical in shape, others are
shaped with a man's head or a dog's head. For a full and interesting
description of _hneftafl_ see H. J. R. Murray, _A History of Chess_,
Oxford, 1913, Appendix I, 'Chess in Iceland,' pp. 443-446.
_∆gis meyjar._ ∆gir or HlÈr, the husband of Rann, is a personification
of the sea; but the kennings '∆gir's daughters,' '∆gir's steed,' etc.
for 'billows' are common in poetry. See _Helgakvia Hundingsbana_ II,
str. 29, and _Bragar-rÊur_, ch. 55 (included in Brodeur's translation
of the _Prose Edda_ as _Sk·ldskaparm·l_, ch. I).
_Reefs._ For _brimserkum_, read _brimskerjum_.
_Ocean-path._ For _brim-reiar_, read _brim-leiar_. The passage is
possibly corrupt.
_That is the hunn._ This stanza is difficult to interpret as we have
no clear information as to the character of the game. It would seem
that like the game of the Welsh _tawlbwrdd_, it was played between
sides composed, the one of sixteen 'fair' (white) men, the other of a
King (called _hnefa_ or _hunn_) and eight 'dark' (black) men. Cf.
note to _Game of Chess_ above. See also Murray, _A History of Chess_,
Oxford 1913, Appendix I, 'Chess in Iceland,' pp. 443-446.
_Four walking_, etc. This riddle is found in a form almost identical
with our text in Jakobsen's _Dialect and Place Names of Shetland_
(Lerwick, 1897), p. 53. The 'sow' is also found in the _Exeter
Book_, while 'the waves,' 'the anchor' and 'hailstones' have certain
affinities with the AS. riddles.
_King Itrek's Game._ The reference here seems to be to a game
something like chess. The text (R) given by Heusler in his edition
of the _Eddica Minora_, p. 118, reads: "That is Itrek and Andath when
they sit at their game."
_Dead men_, etc. In this strophe there seems to be an elaborate play
on words. The phrase 'dead men' (_dauar menn_) seems to be a disguise
for _val_ which means 'the slain' as well as 'hawk.' So also 'channel
of blood' seems to be a disguise for _Êi_ which means 'vein' as well
as 'eider-duck.'
_Sleipnir._ Othin's eight-footed horse. Cf. especially _Gylfaginning_,
ch. 42.
_Tell me lastly_, etc. In _Vaf˛r˙˛nism·l_, str. 54, Othin makes
himself known to Vaf˛r˙˛nir by the same question.
XII. _This pike_, etc. This verse is generally supposed to come from a
lost poem on Heithrek.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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