[Transcriber's Notes Emphasis is denotes as _Italic_ and =Bold=. Most small caps text has been converted to ALL CAPS; but where some may have been rendered as Mixed Case letters where it seemed appropriate.] [Illustration: FIG. 1.--THE SCALLOP SHELL, _Pecten Opercularis_ (see page 107), SLIGHTLY REDUCED IN SIZE. THE LARGER SHELLS ARE FROM DOUGLAS, ISLE OF MAN; THE SMALLER SHELLS ARE YOUNG SPECIMENS FROM LLANDUDNO, NORTH WALES.] STORIES _of the_ UNIVERSE Animal Life By B. LINDSAY _WITH FORTY-SEVEN ILLUSTRATIONS_ NEW YORK REVIEW _of_ REVIEWS COMPANY 1909 COPYRIGHT, 1902 BY D. APPLETON AND COMPANY _All rights reserved_ PREFACE Of the diagrams which illustrate this little volume, the majority were prepared by Miss E. C. Abbott (formerly Bathurst Scholar at Newnham College, Cambridge): the sketches were made from specimens in the South Kensington Museum of Natural History, which has kindly granted permission for their use. In addition to these, there are several figures that are taken from specimens in my possession, photographed by the publishers; two or three cuts are diagrammatic; and I owe to the kindness of Mr. J. Craggs, formerly president of the Northumberland Microscopical Association, the drawings of Polycystina and of the scales of the Sole. B. L. CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I. THE STORY OF ANIMAL LIFE 9 II. HOW ANIMALS ADAPT THEMSELVES TO CIRCUMSTANCES 13 III. CLASSIFICATION: THE SORTING OF THE ANIMAL KINGDOM 30 IV. THE ONE-CELLED ANIMALS, OR PROTOZOA 45 V. THE COELENTERATA 53 VI. THE SPONGES 63 VII. THE VERMES OR WORMS 68 VIII. THE ARTHROPODA: LOBSTERS, SPIDERS, AND INSECTS 76 IX. THE MOLLUSCA, OR SHELL-FISH 98 X. THE BRACHIOPODA, OR LAMP-SHELLS 117 XI. THE MOSS-CORALS, OR POLYZOA 119 XII. THE ECHINODERMATA 122 XIII. THE CHORDATA 135 XIV. THE VERTEBRATA 138 XV. MAN 167 XVI. HOW ZOOLOGISTS DO THEIR WORK 180 INDEX 193 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS FIGURE PAGE 1. The Scallop-Shell _Frontispiece_ 2. Limpets and Periwinkles 19 3. Diagram of _Amoeba_ 35 4. Section of _Hydra_ 36