The people who fought against the king were all men who had broken away from the English Church, and become much more "Protestant." They were very strict in many ways, especially in keeping the "Sabbath," as they called Sunday. They dressed very plainly, and they thought the followers of the king, with their long hair and lace and ruffles, very frivolous people indeed. It was the men of the Parliament side who first gave the name _Cavalier_ to the Royalists. It was meant by them to show contempt, and came from the Italian word _cavaliere_, which means literally "a horseman," coming from the Late Latin word _caballus_, "a horse." It is a curious fact that we now use the word _cavalier_ as an adjective to mean rude and off-hand, whereas the Cavaliers of the seventeenth century certainly had much better manners than the Roundheads; and at the end of that century the word was sometimes used in the general sense of gay and frank. Both sides in the Civil War invented a good many new words with which to abuse the enemy. Milton, who wrote on the side of the Parliament, made a great many; but the Royalists invented more, and perhaps more expressive, words. At any rate they have been kept and used as quite ordinary English words. The word _cant_, for instance, which every one understands to mean pious or sentimental words which the person who says them does not really mean, was first used in this way by the Royalists to describe the sayings of the Parliament men who were much given to preaching and the singing of psalms. Before that time the word _cant_ had meant a certain kind of singing, and also the whining sound beggars sometimes made. In the eighteenth century, when Parliament was divided into two great parties, their names were given to them in the same way. The _Tories_ were so called from the name given to some very wild, almost savage, people who lived in the bog lands of Ireland; and the name _Whigs_ was given by the Tories, and came from a Scotch word, _Whigamore_, the name of some very fierce Protestants in the south of Scotland. At first these names were just words of abuse, but they came to be the regular names of the two parties, and people forgot all about their first meanings. The great growth in the power of the peoples of Europe since the French Revolution has brought about great changes in the way these countries are governed. It was the French Revolution which led to the widespread opinion that all the people in a nation should help in the government. It was in writing on these subjects that English writers borrowed the words _aristocrat_ and _democrat_ from the French writers. _Aristocracy_ comes from an old Greek word meaning the rule of the few; but the French Revolution writers gave it a new meaning, as something evil. Before the Revolution the name _despotism_ had been used for the rule of a single tyrant, but it now came to mean unjust rule, even by several people.