CHAPTER X. THE ABDOMEN AND THE ORGANS OF DIGESTION AND EXCRETION 132 The Abdominal Cavity, 132--Muscles of the Abdomen, 132--The Peritoneum, 134--Abdominal Regions, 134--Salivary Digestion, 136--The Pharynx, 139--The Esophagus, 138--The Stomach, 138--Gastric Digestion, 139--Vomiting, 140--Intestinal Canal, 141--The Small Intestine, 142--Intestinal Digestion, 143--Absorption in Intestine, 144--The Large Intestine, 145--Food and Metabolism, 147--The Liver, 149--The Gall-bladder, 152--The Pancreas, 153--The Spleen, 153--The Suprarenal Capsules, 154--The Kidneys, 155--The Urine, 156--The Ureters, 159--The Bladder and Urethra, 159. CHAPTER XI. THE PELVIS AND THE GENITAL ORGANS 161 The Pelvis, 161--The Male Generative Organs, 164--The Prostate Gland, 164--The Testes, 165--The Penis, 165--The Female Generative Organs, 165--The Ovaries, 165--The Fallopian Tubes, 166--The Uterus, 167--The Vagina, 168--The External Genitalia in the Female, 169--The Vulva, 169--The Mons Veneris, 169--The Labia Majora, 169--The Labia Minora, 170--The Clitoris, 170--The Meatus Urinarius, 170--The Hymen, 170--The Fourchette, 170--The Perineal Body, 170--The Perineum, 170. CHAPTER XII. THE UPPER EXTREMITIES 171 The Shoulder Girdle, 171--The Clavicle, 171--The Scapula, 173--Shoulder Muscles, 174--The Humerus, 175--Upper Arm Muscles, 176--The Ulna, 177--The Radius, 178--The Wrist, 180--The Hand, 181--Meta-carpals, 181--Phalanges, 181--Muscles of the Forearm, 182--Muscles of the Hand, 184--Joints of the Upper Extremity, 185--Blood Supply of the Upper Extremity, 185--Nerves of the Upper Extremity, 186. CHAPTER XIII. THE LOWER EXTREMITIES 187 The Femur, 187--Thigh Muscles, 189--The Patella, 192--Joints of the Lower Extremity, 192--The Tibia, 194--The Fibula, 194--The Ankle, 195--The Foot, 195--Metatarsals, 195--Phalanges, 195--Muscles of the Leg, 196--The Blood Supply of the Lower Extremity, 198--Nerves of the Lower Extremity, 199. INDEX 201 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF THE BODY. CHAPTER I. COMPOSITION AND GENERAL STRUCTURE OF THE BODY. Anatomy is the study of the physical structure and physiology the study of the normal functions of the human body.