88 סגולה. See Exod. xix. 5. 89 חקים. 90 קרב, קרבן. 91 According to a Jewish tradition (the date of which is uncertain) the advent of the Messiah, the Son of David, will be preceded by that of the Messiah, the Son of Joseph. The latter will perish in the battle against Gog and Magog (the Antichrist of Jewish literature), but will soon be brought back to life on the appearance of the former. Cf. G. H. Dalman’s _Der leidende und der sterbende Messias der Synagoge_ (Berlin, 1881). 92 בראשית, “In the beginning,” Gen. i. 1. 93 מאין; Job xxvii. 12. 94 _Chagigah_ 14_b_. The activity of these four Rabbis falls chiefly in the second century. R. Akiba died as a martyr in the Hadrianic persecution (about 130). Elisha b. Abuyah, the apostate, was usually called אחר, _Acher_, “the other one.” 95 The former lived in the twelfth, the latter in the sixteenth, century. They are both known for their hostility to philosophy. 96 Bachya wrote in the eleventh century a famous book called חובות חלבבות, _The Duties of the Heart_. For the others see above, p. 13 and _note_, p. 49 and _note_, p. 102 and _note_, p. 97 and _note_, p. 71 and _note_. They all belong to the rationalistic school. 97 A younger contemporary of Maimonides, who translated the _Guide_ from Arabic into Hebrew. 98 ספר המשקל. See above, p. 18. R. Moses Cordovora, the author of the סררם, lived in Safed in the sixteenth century. For R. Isaac Loria, the author of the עץ החיים, see above, note 5 to Elijah Wilna. 99 שושן סודות. 100 סשר הבהיר, a forgery by a Provençal Jew of the thirteenth century, who attributed it to a Rabbi of the first century. 101 This hymn is now incorporated in her excellent little book, _Songs of Zion_, pp. 13‐15. 102 זהוב, a gold piece. The country and the date of the writer not being certain, it is impossible to determine the value of this coin. 103 The lawfulness of eating this fish (= sturgeon?) was contested for many centuries, and the controversy still continues. 104 פשוט, a smaller coin than the Zehub. 105 שמע, “Hear,” the verses from Deut. vi. 4‐9, xi. 13‐21, and Num. xv. 37‐41, recited twice a day by the Jews. 106 _Sabbath_, 30_b_. 107 מנהג, pl. מנהגים (_Minhagim_), applied usually to those ritual customs and ceremonies for which there is no distinct authority in the Scriptures or even in the Talmud.