Studies in Spermatogenesis (Part 1 of 2)Stevens, N. M. (Nettie Maria)
Science
Studies in Spermatogenesis (Part 1 of 2)
Stevens, N. M. (Nettie Maria)
Sex; Spermatogenesis
their longer axes parallel with the axis of the spindle. The aberrant
bodies in these figures are probably remains of the nucleoli; they are
found only in iron-haematoxylin preparations. Figures 31 and 32 show
exceptional cases where the cell has divided. Usually the two daughter
nuclei are formed in an undivided cell. The resting-stage between the
two divisions is only partial. The nucleolus appears and divides into
two (figs. 33-36), and the chromosomes change into the dyad form (fig.
36), in which they come into the second maturation spindle (figs. 37,
38). The equatorial plate again shows 26 chromosomes (fig. 39). The
formation of the spermatozoa is peculiar in that the original
spermatocyte cell-body, as a rule, does not divide; but the four nuclei
resulting from the two maturation divisions develop into sperm-heads in
one cell. All have a nucleolus (fig. 41), and in a slightly later stage
(fig. 42) the elongated nuclei have a distinct centrosome and sphere at
the posterior end. Later stages are shown in figures 43, 44, and 45.
The points of greatest interest in the spermatogenesis of _Termopsis
angusticollis_ are, (1) the fact that no accessory chromosome is
present; (2) that the method of tetrad formation and reduction are
clear, despite the fact that the cells and the chromatin elements are
quite small; and (3) the failure of the cell-bodies to divide and the
consequent development of four spermatozoa in one cell.
Stenopelmatus.
The spermatogonium of _Stenopelmatus_ contains from one to three large
nucleoli, which stain much less with thionin than does the spireme
(plate II, figs. 46, 47, 48). As the distinct chromosomes come into view
in the prophase of mitosis, two are seen to be nearly twice as long as
the others, but of equal length (figs. 48, 49, 50.) There are 46
chromosomes in the equatorial plate of a spermatogonial spindle (fig.
50). Besides the nucleolus (_n_), there appears in the young
spermatocyte a conspicuous element (_x_) which stains deeply with all
chromatin stains (fig. 51). It is closely applied to the nuclear
membrane and is connected with an end of the spireme (figs. 51-54). At
first it is quite small, and it gradually increases in size during the
spireme stage. There is no "bouquet stage" in this form. Figure 55 shows
the spireme segmented and split longitudinally. The segments have begun
to open out at the center to give the cross which is the typical tetrad
form in _Stenopelmatus_. Figures 56, 58, 59, and 60 show various stages
in the contraction of the split segments to form crosses and
diamond-shaped rings. The tetrads usually remain connected by delicate
linin threads, as shown in figures 57 and 60, also in figures 62 and 63,
the latter taken from the metaphase of the first maturation spindle. If
these linin connections persist, as they appear to do, from the
segmentation of the spireme to metakinesis, the first division of the
contracted tetrads must be longitudinal, corresponding to the split in
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