[56]Cf. Mayor, _op. cit._, p. 54 f. The devil tried to tempt even Christ, the Son of God. [57]Bengel puts it thus: _Peccatum morte gravidum nascitur_. The Targum of Jonathan says that imagination of sin is sinful. [58]“Wages” means literally the rations of a soldier. The pay of sin is death, and it is always paid. [59]“Good” is here used in the sense of absolute, not relative goodness. [60]But see Robertson, _Grammar of the Greek New Testament in the Light of Historical Research_, _op. cit._, p. 1200. [61]Bengel says: _voluntate amantissima, liberrima, purissima, foecundissima_. [62]The inscriptions (Ditt., _Syll._, 587^268) use the word for the first fruits to Demeter and Kore, but James Hope Moulton and George Milligan, _Vocabulary of the Greek Testament_ (New York: George H. Doran Co., 1915), p. 54, give many examples from the papyri and the inscriptions where “gift” or “sacrifice” seems sufficient. [63]J. Rendel Harris, “The Elements of a Progressive Church,” _Present Day Papers_, May, 1901. [64]_Taylor_, _op. cit._, p. 63. [65]The Hebrew (Psalm 82:2) originally had the idea of lifting the face with a view to comfort. Partiality was a subordinate development. Cf. H. St. John Thackeray, _Grammar of the Old Testament Greek According to the Septuagint_ (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1909), pp. 43 ff. The Greek idiom has only the bad meaning and comes from taking off the mask. See Luke 20:21; Gal. 2:3 f. for the full idiom. [66]Deissmann, _St. Paul: A Study in Social and Religious History_, _loc. cit._, p. 47. [67]_Ibid._ [68]_The Gospel of Jesus and the Problems of Democracy_ (New York: Macmillan and Co., 1914), p. 46. [69]Codex D adds to Luke 6:4: “On the same day seeing a certain man working on the Sabbath, he said to him, ‘Man, if you know what you are doing you are blessed; if you do not know you are accursed and a transgressor of the law.’” But this logion does not compare sabbath-breaking with other sins, though it does emphasize insight into the motive of the act. [70]Maim. on Mishnah, Sanhedrin xi. 1. [71]The article here has almost the original demonstrative force. James means the kind of faith that rests on mere assertion without works to prove it. [72]One may compare Paul’s habit of answering an imaginary objector in the development of his argument. See Romans 2:1; 9:20. [73]Aorist tense and so punctiliar—know once for all—with almost a touch of impatience in the tense. [74]See Lightfoot, _loc. cit._ [75]In Hermas (_Sim._ 9:22) we read of teachers who “wish to be self-appointed teachers, fools though they are.” [76]Cf. Hermas, _Mand._ 12. 1. [77]Cf., however, John 3:8 and 1 Peter 3:17. [78]The Midr. Rabb. on Levit. (xiv. 2) xvi has _quanta incendia lingua excitat_ (Mayor).