A second bone is behind and terminates at the laudal suture. There are two other bones which form the temples. These terminate at the false sutures which themselves begin at the laudal and end at the coronal suture. The _sixth_ part [of the head] consists of two membranes. One of these is called _dura mater_, and lies in contact with the cranium. The other is called _pia mater_ and is in contact with and covers the brain. And nature contrived it thus, having great solicitude for this latter member, that while close to the bone, it should yet not be touched by it. Wherefore, taking due precautions, she made the one [membrane] harder than the other. Furthermore she made two membranes, so that if harm befell one of them, it might not be communicated to the underlying brain. In the _pia mater_ are woven certain veins by which the brain is nourished. [The brain is] everywhere covered by it except on the posterior part; because this part being dry, it has no need of this membrane, as have the anterior and middle parts. The two membranes in many places penetrate the substance of the brain, dividing it into a right and a left, a front and a back section. By this division, divers cells or rather small chambers are made therein, in which the soul (_anima_) performs its divers operations, for which reason it is necessary that these parts should be of different structure. When the two membranes are raised, the _seventh_ part of the head, namely the brain itself, appears. The brain is wrought by nature so that the _vital spirit_ from the torrid heart should be tempered by its cold, for here it is converted into _animal spirit_, which is the beginning of the perceptive (_cognoscitiue_) and motive processes. The brain is of a substance like marrow, white, soft, and viscous, and from it the nerves arise. The anterior part is moister, softer, and less cold than the posterior because the senses [_sentimenti_ = senses + mental processes], which are themselves moist and soft, have here their origin. In the posterior part the motor nerves arise, and it is therefore drier and firmer. The brain is divided into three parts or ventricles. The first ventricle or anterior part is itself divided into two, right and left, and is moreover larger than any of the other ventricles, for in this first ventricle nature has placed the two faculties subservient to perception (_al cognoscere_). One of these is called _common sensation_ (_senso comune_); in it the external senses terminate as at a centre and deliver the _images_ or rather _species_ of sensible things, so that this faculty may perceive and distinguish between one sensible thing and another, and also comprehend the operations of particular senses; which two things none of these [senses of themselves can do]. The other faculty of the first ventricle is called _fantasia_ and by some _imagination_; it retains and preserves the _species_ of sensible things in the absence of the material objects themselves.