Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Pat McCoy and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net Studies in the Poetry of Italy I. ROMAN BY FRANK JUSTUS MILLER _The University of Chicago_ Chautauqua Press CHAUTAUQUA, NEW YORK MCMXIII COPYRIGHT, 1901, BY FRANK JUSTUS MILLER Third Edition, 1913 The Chautauqua Print Shop Chautauqua, New York PREFACE The accumulated literature of centuries of ancient Roman life, even after the loss of more works than have survived, is still so large that, were we to attempt to cover the whole field, the space allotted to this volume would suffice for only the most superficial mention of the extant authors. The writer has therefore chosen to present to his readers the field of poetry only, and to narrow the scope of his work still further by the selection of certain important and representative phases of poetry, namely, the dramatic, satiric, and epic. These different phases of the Roman poetic product will be presented in the order named, although it is by no means certain which class of poetry was first developed at Rome. It is more than likely that satire and comedy had a common origin in the rude and unrecorded literary product of ancient Italy. Ennius, indeed, prior to whose time the extant fragments are exceedingly meager, produced both drama, satire, and epic. And the same is true, though to a more limited extent, of other writers of the same early period. Each of these phases of poetry is treated separately in this volume, according to its chronological development. We shall, therefore, traverse the field three times by three parallel paths: from Andronicus to Seneca, from Ennius to Juvenal, and from Nævius to Vergil. F. J. Miller Chicago. CONTENTS BOOK I. ROMAN PART I. THE DRAMA PAGE 1. THE BEGINNINGS OF ROMAN LITERATURE AND OLD ROMAN TRAGEDY 1 2. LATER ROMAN TRAGEDY AND SENECA 8 3. ROMAN COMEDY 38 PART II. SATIRE 1. INTRODUCTION AND EARLY SATIRE 70 2. QUINTUS HORATIUS FLACCUS 80 3. AULUS PERSIUS FLACCUS 99 4. DECIMUS JUNIUS JUVENALIS 105 PART III. EPIC POETRY 1. CN. NÆVIUS.--THE FIRST NATIONAL ROMAN EPIC 119 2. QUINTUS ENNIUS 121 3. PUBLIUS VERGILIUS MARO 128 STUDIES IN THE POETRY OF ITALY PART I THE DRAMA