[40] Hardman, "Habits and Customs of Natives of Kimberley, Western Australia," _Proceedings Royal Irish Academy_, 3d series, vol. i, 1889, p. 73. [41] Klaatsch, "Some Notes on Scientific Travel Amongst the Black Populations of Tropic Australia," Adelaide meeting of _Australian Association for the Advancement of Science_, January, 1907, p. 5. [42] In further illustration of this I have been told that among the common people there is often no feeling against connection with a woman _per anum_. [43] Chevalier (_L'Inversion Sexuelle_, pp. 85-106) brings forward a considerable amount of evidence regarding homosexuality at Rome under the emperors. See also Moll, _Konträre Sexualempfindung_, 1899, pp. 56-66, and Hirschfeld, _Homosexualität_, 1913, pp. 789-806. On the literary side, Petronius best reveals the homosexual aspect of Roman life about the time of Tiberius. [44] J.A. Symonds wrote an interesting essay on this subject; see also Kiefer, _Jahrbuch f. sex. Zwischenstufen_, vol. viii, 1906. [45] See L. von Scheffler, "Elagabal," _Jahrbuch f. sex. Zwischenstufen_, vol. iii, 1901; also Duviquet, _Héliogabale (Mercure de France_). [46] The following note has been furnished to me: "Balzac, in _Une Dernière Incarnation de Vautrin_, describes the morals of the French _bagnes_. Dostoieffsky, in _Prison-Life in Siberia_, touches on the same subject. See his portrait of Sirotkin, p. 52 et seq., p. 120 (edition J. and R. Maxwell, London). We may compare Carlier, _Les Deux Prostitutions_, pp. 300-1, for an account of the violence of homosexual passions in French prisons. The initiated are familiar with the fact in English prisons. Bouchard, in his _Confessions_, Paris, Liseux, 1881, describes the convict station at Marseilles in 1630." Homosexuality among French recidivists at Saint-Jean-du-Maroni in French Guiana has been described by Dr. Cazanova, _Arch. d'Anth. Crim._, January, 1906, p. 44. See also Davitt's _Leaves from a Prison Diary_, and Berkman's _Prison Memoirs of an Anarchist_; also Rebierre, _Joyeux et Demifous_, 1909. [47] D. McMurtrie, _Chicago Medical Recorder_, January, 1914. [48] See Appendix A: "Homosexuality among Tramps," by "Josiah Flynt." [49] _Inferno_, xv. The place of homosexuality in the _Divine Comedy_ itself has been briefly studied by Undine Freün von Verschuer, _Jahrbuch für sexuelle Zwischenstufen_, Bd. viii, 1906.