[50] Hirschfeld and others have pointed out, very truly, that inverts are less prone than normal persons to regard caste and social position. This innately democratic attitude renders it easier for them than for ordinary people to rise to what Cyples has called the "ecstasy of humanity," the emotional attitude, that is to say, of those rare souls of whom it may be said, in the same writer's words, that "beggars' rags to their unhesitating lips grew fit for kissing because humanity had touched the garb." Edward Carpenter (_Intermediate Types among Primitive Folk_, p. 83) remarks that great ethical leaders have often exhibited feminine traits, and adds: "It becomes easy to suppose of those early figures--who once probably were men--those Apollos, Buddhas, Dionysus, Osiris, and so forth--to suppose that they too were somewhat bisexual in temperament, and that it was really largely owing to that fact that they were endowed with far-reaching powers and became leaders of mankind." [51] English translation, _Primitive Folk_, in Contemporary Science series. [52] R. Horneffer, _Der Priester_, 2 vols., 1912. J.G. Frazer, in the volume entitled "Adonis, Attis, Osiris" (pp. 428-435) of the third edition of his _Golden Bough_, discusses priests dressed as women, and finds various reasons for the custom. [53] Edward Carpenter, _Intermediate Types among Primitive Folk_, 1914. [54] Westermarck, _Origin and Development of Moral Ideas_, vol. ii, ch. xliii. [55] "Italian literature," remarks Symonds, "can show the _Rime Burlesche_, Becadelli's _Hermaphroditus_, the _Canti Carnascialeschi_, the Macaronic poems of Fidentius, and the remarkably outspoken romance entitled _Alcibiade Fanciullo a Scola_." [56] The life of Muret has been well written by C. Dejob, _Marc-Antoine Muret_, 1881. [57] F.M. Nichols, _Epistles of Erasmus_, vol. i, pp. 44-55. [58] Burckhardt, _Die Kultur der Renaissance_, vol. ii, _Excursus_ ci. [59] F. de Gaudenzi in ch. v of his _Studio Psico-patologico sopra T. Tasso_ (1899) deals fully with the poet's homosexual tendencies. [60] Herbert P. Horne, _Leonardo da Vinci_, 1903, p. 12. [61] S. Freud, _Eine Kindheitserinnerung des Leonardo da Vinci_, 1910. [62] See Parlagreco, _Michelangelo Buonarotti_, Naples, 1888; Ludwig von Scheffler, _Michelangelo: Ein Renaissance Studie_, 1892; _Archivo di Psichiatria_, vol. xv, fasc. i, ii, p. 129; J.A. Symonds, _Life of Michelangelo_, 1893; Dr. Jur. Numa Praetorius, "Michel Angelo's Urningtum," _Jahrbuch für sexuelle Zwischenstufen_, vol. ii, 1899, pp, 254-267. [63] J.A. Symonds, _Life of Michelangelo_, vol. ii, p. 384. [64] Sodoma's life and temperament have been studied and his pictures copiously reproduced by Elisár von Kupffer, _Jahrbuch für sexuelle Zwischenstufen_, Bd. ix, 1908, p. 71 et seq., and by R.H. Hobart Cust, _Giovanni Antonio Bazzi_.