those primitive contacts which are normally the beginning of love, and these, supported by the ideal image of the early lover, constituted a complete and adequate symbol of natural love in a morbidly perverted individual. (P. Penta, _Archivio delle Psicopatie Sessuali_, January, 1896.) FOOTNOTES: [1] The term "erotic symbolism" has already been employed by Eulenburg (_Sexuale Neuropathie_, 1895, p. 101). It must be borne in mind that this term, implying the specific emotion, is much narrower than the term "sexual symbolism," which may be used to designate a great variety of ritual and social practices which have played a part in the evolution of civilization. [2] _Sexual Selection in Man_, iv, "Vision." [3] K. Groos, _Der Æsthetische Genuss_, p. 122. The psychology of the associations of contiguity and resemblance through which erotic symbolism operates its transference is briefly discussed by Ribot in the _Psychology of the Emotions_, Part 1, Chapter XII; the early chapters of the same author's _Logique des Sentiments_ may also be said to deal with the emotional basis on which erotic symbolism arises. [4] A number of synonyms for the female pudenda are brought together by Schurig--cunnus, hortus, concha, navis, fovea, larva, canis, annulus, focus, cymba, antrum, delta, myrtus, etc.--and he discusses many of them. (_Muliebria_, Section I, cap. I.) [5] Kleinpaul, _Sprache Ohne Worte_, pp. 24-29; cf. K. Pearson, on the general and special words for sex, _Chances of Death_, vol. ii, pp. 112-245; a selection of the literature of the rose will be found in a volume of translations entitled _Ros Rosarum_. [6] G.S. Hall, _Adolescence_, vol. i, p. 470. [7] Goron, _Les Parias de l'Amour_, p. 45. [8] A.R. Reynolds, _Medical Standard_, vol. x, cited by Kiernan, "Responsibility in Sexual Perversion," _American Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry_, 1882. [9] R. Burton, _Anatomy of Melancholy_, Part III, Section II, Mem. II, Subs. II, and Mem. III, Subs. I. [10] Numerous examples are given by Moll, _Konträre Sexualempfindung_, third edition, pp. 265-268. [11] Chevalier (_De l'Inversion_, 1885; id., _L'Inversion Sexuelle_, 1892, p. 52), followed by E. Laurent (_L'Amour Morbide_, 1891, Chapter X), separates this group from other fetichistic perversions, under the head of "azoöphilie." I see no adequate ground for this step. The various forms of fetichism are too intimately associated to permit of any group of them being violently separated from the others. [12] This has already been considered as a perversion founded on vision, in discussing _Sexual Selection in Man_. IV. II.