child with the person who tends it is for it a continual source of sexual excitement and satisfaction flowing from the erogenous zones, especially since the fostering person--as a rule the mother--regards the child with emotions which proceed from her sexual life; strokes it, kisses it, rocks it, and very plainly treats it as a compensation for a fully valid sexual object." Freud remarks that girls who retain the childish character of their love for their parents to adult age are apt to make cold wives and to be sexually anæsthetic. [170] Esbach (in his _Thèse de Paris_, published in 1876) showed that even the finger nails are affected in pregnancy and become measurably thinner. [171] C.H. Stratz, _Die Schönheit des Weiblichen Körpers_, Chapter VI. [172] Iron appears to be liberated in the maternal organism during pregnancy, and Wychgel has shown (_Zeitschrift für Geburtshülfe und Gynäkologie_, bd. xlvii, Heft II) that the pigment of pregnant women contains iron, and that the amount of iron in the urine is increased. [173] Vinay, _Maladies de la Grossesse_, Chapter VIII; K. Hennig, "Exploratio Externa," _Comptes-rendus du XIIe. Congrès International de Médècine_, vol. vi, Section XIII, pp. 144-166. A bibliography of the literature concerning the physiology of pregnancy, extending to ten pages, is appended by Pinard to his article "Grossesse," _Dictionnaire Encyclopédique des Sciences Médicales_. [174] Stratz, op. cit., Chapter XII. [175] W.S.A. Griffith, "The Diagnosis of Pregnancy," _British Medical Journal_, April 11, 1903. [176] J. Mackenzie and H.O. Nicholson, "The Heart in Pregnancy," _British Medical Journal_, October 8, 1904; Stengel and Stanton, "The Condition of the Heart in Pregnancy," _Medical Record_, May 10, 1902 and _University Pennsylvania Medical Bulletin_, Sept., 1904 (summarized in _British Medical Journal_, August 16, 1902, and Sept. 23, 1905.) [177] J. Henderson, "Maternal Blood at Term," _Journal of Obstetrics and Gynæcology_, February, 1902; C. Douglas, "The Blood in Pregnant Women," _British Medical Journal_, March 26, 1904; W.L. Thompson, "The Blood in Pregnancy," _Johns Hopkins Hospital Bulletin_, June, 1904. [178] H.O. Nicholson, "Some Remarks on the Maternal Circulation in Pregnancy," _British Medical Journal_, October 3, 1903. [179] J. Morris Slemans, "Metabolism During Pregnancy," _Johns Hopkins Hospital Reports_, vol. xii, 1904. [180] B. Wolff, _Zentralblatt für Gynäkologie_, 1904, No. 26. [181] Tridandani, _Annali di Ostetrica_, March, 1900. [182] R. Barnes, "The Induction of Labor," _British Medical Journal_, December 22, 1894. [183] See, e.g., Havelock Ellis, _Man and Woman_, fourth edition, pp. 344, et seq. [184] Arthur Giles, "The Longings of Pregnant Women," _Transactions Obstetrical Society of London_, vol. xxxv, 1893. [185] Ploss and Bartels, _Das Weib_, Chapter XXX. [186] Thus, in Cornwall, "to be in the longing way" is a popular synonym for pregnancy.