[143] Pierre Dufour, _Histoire de la Prostitution_, vol. ii, Chs. XIX-XX. The real author of this well-known history of prostitution, which, though not scholarly in its methods, brings together a great mass of interesting information, is said to be Paul Lacroix. [144] Rabutaux, in his _Histoire de la Prostitution en Europe_, describes many attempts to suppress prostitution; cf. Dufour, _op. cit._, vol. iii. [145] Dufour, op. cit., vol. vi, Ch. XLI. It was in the reign of the homosexual Henry III that the tolerance of brothels was established. [146] In the eighteenth century, especially, houses of prostitution in Paris attained to an astonishing degree of elaboration and prosperity. Owing to the constant watchful attention of the police a vast amount of detailed information concerning these establishments was accumulated, and during recent years much of it has been published. A summary of this literature will be found in Dühren's _Neue Forshungen über den Marquis de Sade und seine Zeit_, 1904, pp. 97 et seq. [147] Rabutaux, op. cit., p. 54. [148] Calza has written the history of Venetian prostitution; and some of the documents he found have been reproduced by Mantegazza, _Gli Amori degli Uomimi_, cap. XIV. At the beginning of the seventeenth century, a comparatively late period, Coryat visited Venice, and in his _Crudities_ gives a full and interesting account of its courtesans, who then numbered, he says, at least 20,000; the revenue they brought into the State maintained a dozen galleys. [149] J. Schrank, _Die Prostitution in Wien_, Bd. I, pp. 152-206. [150] U. Robert, _Les Signes d'Infamie au Moyen Age_, Ch. IV. [151] Rudeck (_Geschichte der öffentlichen Sittlichkeit in Deutschland_, pp. 26-36) gives many details concerning the important part played by prostitutes and brothels in mediæval German life. [152] They are described by Rabutaux, op. cit., pp. 90 _et seq._ [153] _L'Année Sociologique_, seventh year, 1904, p. 440. [154] Bloch, _Der Ursprung der Syphilis_. As regards the German "Frauenhausen" see Max Bauer, _Das Geschlechtsleben in der Deutschen Vergangenheit_, pp. 133-214. In Paris, Dufour states (op. cit., vol. v, Ch. XXXIV), brothels under the ordinances of St. Louis had many rights which they lost at last in 1560, when they became merely tolerated houses, without statutes, special costumes, or confinement to special streets. [155] "Cortegiana, hoc est meretrix honesta," wrote Burchard, the Pope's Secretary, at the beginning of the sixteenth century, _Diarium_, ed. Thuasne, vol. ii, p. 442; other authorities are quoted by Thuasne in a note. [156] Burchard, _Diarium_, vol. iii, p. 167. Thuasne quotes other authorities in confirmation.