[157] The example of Holland, where some large cities have adopted the regulation of prostitution and others have not, is instructive as regards the illusory nature of the advantages of regulation. In 1883 Dr. Després brought forward figures, supplied by Dutch officials, showing that in Rotterdam, where prostitution was regulated, both prostitution and venereal diseases were more prevalent than in Amsterdam, a city without regulation (A. Després, _La Prostitution en France_, p. 122). [158] It was in 1802 that the medical inspection of prostitutes in Paris brothels was introduced, though not until 1825 fully established and made general. [159] M.L. Heidingsfeld, "The Control of Prostitution," _Journal American Medical Association_, January 30, 1904. [160] See, e.g., G. Bérault, _La Maison de Tolérance_, Thèse de Paris, 1904. [161] Thus the circumstances of the English army in India are of a special character. A number of statements (from the reports of committees, official publications, etc.) regarding the good influence of regulation in reducing venereal diseases in India are brought together by Surgeon-Colonel F.H. Welch, "The Prevention of Syphilis," _Lancet_, August 12, 1899. The system has been abolished, but only as the result of a popular outcry and not on the question of its merits. [162] Thus Richard, who accepts regulation and was instructed to report on it for the Paris Municipal Council, would not have girls inscribed as professional prostitutes until they are of age and able to realize what they are binding themselves to (E. Richard, _La Prostitution à Paris_, p. 147). But at that age a large proportion of prostitutes have been practicing their profession for years. [163] In Germany, where the cure of infected prostitutes under regulation is nearly everywhere compulsory, usually at the cost of the community, it is found that 18 is the average age at which they are affected by syphilis; the average age of prostitutes in brothels is higher than that of those outside, and a much larger proportion have therefore become immune to disease (Blaschko, "Hygiene der Syphilis," in Weyl's _Handbuch der Hygiene_, Bd. ii, p. 62, 1900). [164] A. Sherwell, _Life in West London_, 1897, Ch. V. [165] Bonger brings together statistics illustrating this point, op. cit., pp. 402-6. [166] _The Nightless City_, p. 125. [167] Ströhmberg, as quoted by Aschaffenburg, _Das Verbrechen_, 1903, p. 77. [168] _Monatsschrift für Harnkrankheiten und Sexuelle Hygiene_, 1906. Heft 10, p. 460. But this cause is undoubtedly effective in some cases of unmarried women in Germany unable to get work (see article by Sister Henrietta Arendt, Police-Assistant at Stuttgart, _Sexual-Probleme_, December, 1908).