[180] [The larvæ of the 110th genus, _Paphia_, Fabr. (_Anæa_, Hübn.) are also smoothed-skinned. See Edwards’ figure (_loc. cit._ vol. i. Pl. XLVI.) of _P. Glycerium_. Also C. V. Riley’s “Second Annual Report” on the insects of Missouri, 1870, p. 125. Burmeister figures the larva of a species of _Prepona_ (genus 99) which is smooth (_P. Demophon_, _loc. cit._ Pl. V. Fig. 1). The horns on the head of _Apatura_, &c., may possibly be a survival from a former spiny condition. R.M.] [181] “Synopsis of the described Lepidoptera of North America.” Washington, 1862. [182] “Catalog der Lepidopteren des Europäischen Faunengebietes.” Dresden, 1871. [183] This group of moths (“Schwärmer”) is regarded as of very different extents by systematists; when I here comprise under it only the _Sphingidæ_ proper and the _Sesiidæ_, I by no means ignore the grounds which favour a greater extension of the group; the latter is not rigidly limited. [The affinities of the _Sesiidæ_ (_Ægeriidæ_) are by no means clearly made out: it appears probable that they are not related to the _Sphingidæ_. See note 160, p. 370. R.M.] [184] [For Mr. A. G. Butler’s observations on the genus _Acronycta_, see “Trans. Ent. Soc.” 1879, p. 313; and note 68, p. 169, of the present volume. R.M.] [185] [The following characters are given in Stainton’s “Manual of British Butterflies and Moths,” vol. i. p. 114:--“Larva of very variable form: at one extreme we find the singular _Cerura_ larvæ, with only fourteen legs, and two long projecting tails from the last segment; at the other extreme we have larvæ with sixteen legs and no peculiarity of form, such as _Chaonia_ and _Bucephala_; most have, however, the peculiarity of holding the hind segment of the body erect when in repose; generally quite naked, though downy in _Bucephala_ and rather hairy in _Curtulu_; very frequently there are projections on the back of the twelfth segment.” R.M.] [186] Encyl. Meth. ix. p. 310. [187] [The genus _Vanessa_ (in the wide sense) appears to be in a remarkable condition of what may be called phyletic preservation. Thus, the group of species allied to _V. C.-album_ passes by almost insensible steps into the group of butterflies typified by our “Tortoiseshells.” The following is a list of some of the intermediate species in their transitional order:--_I.-album_, _V.-album_, _Faunus_, _Comma_, _California_, _Dryas_, _Polychloros_, _Xanthomelas_, _Cashmirensis_, _Urticæ_, _Milberti_, &c. Similarly, our _Atalanta_ and _Cardui_ are connected by a number of intermediate forms, showing a complete transition from the one to the other. The following is the order of the species so far as I am acquainted with them:--_Atalanta_, _Dejeanii_, _Callirhoë_, _Tammeamea_, _Myrinna_, _Huntera_, _Terpsichore_, _Carye_, _Kershawii_, and _Cardui_. R.M.] [188] “Prodromus Systematis Lepidopterorum.” Regensburg, 1864.