[267] [This species is interesting as being ovoviviparous, the young passing through the branchiate stage within the body of the mother. Some experiments, which were partially successful, were made by Fräulein v. Chauvin with a view to solve the question whether the branchiate stage could be prolonged by taking the larvæ directly from the mother before birth and keeping them in water. See “Zeit. für wissen. Zoo.” vol. xxix., p. 324. R.M.] [268] See Fatiot, “Les Reptiles et les Batraciens de la haute Engadine.” Geneva, 1873. [269] I can remember at Upper Engadine a peculiar kind of preserved beef, prepared by simply drying in the air; also the mummification of entire human bodies by drying in the open air, as is practised at Great St. Bernard. [270] “Faune des Vertébrés de la Suisse,” vol. iii. “Histoire Naturelle des Reptiles et des Batraciens.” Geneva, 1873. [271] See Wiedersheim, “Versuch einer gleichenden Anatomie der Salamandrinen.” Würzburg, 1875. [272] See Gené, “Memorie della Reale Acad. di Torino,” vol. i. [273] _Rana esculenta_ never reaches Alpine regions, this species not having been found higher than 1100 meters. (Fatiot, _loc. cit._, p. 318.) [274] See also the excellent work upon Mexico by Mühlenpfordt already quoted, vol. i., pp. 69-76. [275] “Essai politique sur le Royaume de la Nouvelle Espagne,” 1805, p. 291. [276] [The expression made use of by the author, viz. “Diluvialzeit,” would perhaps be more in harmony with the views of English geologists if rendered as the “pluvial period,” thereby indicating the period of excessive rainfall which, according to Mr. Alfred Tylor, succeeded to and was a consequence of the thawing of the great glaciers which accumulated during the last glacial epoch. There is abundant evidence to show that during the latter period glacial action extended in North America at least as far south as Nicaragua. See Belt on “The Glacial Period in North America,” Trans. Nova Scotian Inst. of Nat. Sci. 1866, p. 93, and “The Naturalist in Nicaragua,” pp. 259-265. R.M.] [277] [Eng. ed. A memoir by Samuel Clarke has since been published upon the embryonic development of _Amblystoma punctatum_, Baird. Baltimore, 1879.] [278] [Eng. ed. See this author’s work, “Das Kopfskelet der Urodelen.” Leipzig, 1877, p. 149.] [279] [See preceding note 52. R.M.] [280] See note 226, p. 566.