Fig. 55. _Smerinthus Populi_; Stage I. Immediately after hatching; free from all marking. Length, 6 millim. Fig. 56. Same species at the end of first stage; lateral aspect. Length, 1.3 centim. Fig. 57. Same species; Stage II. Subdorsal indistinct; the first and last oblique stripes more pronounced than the others. Length, 1.4 centim. Fig. 58. _Deilephila Hippophaës_; Stage III. Subdorsal with open ring-spot on the 11th segment. A, segment 11 somewhat enlarged. Length, 3 centim. PLATE VII. Fig. 59. _Deilephila Hippophaës_; Stage V. Secondary ring-spots on six segments (10-5). Fig. 60. Same species; Stage V. One or two red shagreen dots on segments 10-4 in the position of the ring-spots of Fig. 59. Length, 6.5 centim. Fig. 61. Same species; Stage V. Segments 9-6 of another specimen, more strongly magnified. A ring-spot on segments 9 and 8 showing its origin from two shagreen-dots; two red shagreen-dots on segment 7, on segment 6 only one. Fig. 62. _Deilephila Livornica_ (Europe) in the last stage. Green form. Copied from Boisduval. Fig. 63. _Pterogon Œnotheræ_; Stage IV. Length, 3.7 centim. Fig. 64. The same species at the same stage; dorsal view of the last segment. Fig. 65. The same segment in Stage V. Eye-spot completely developed. Fig. 66. _Saturnia Carpini_, larva from Freiburg; Stage III. Natural length, 15 millim. Fig. 67. Same species; larva from Genoa; Stage IV. Length, 20 millim. Fig. 68. Same species; larva from Freiburg; Stage III. Segments 8 and 9 in dorsal aspect. Length, 15 millim. Fig. 69. The same caterpillar; lateral view of segment 8. Fig. 70. _Smerinthus Ocellatus_; adult larva with distinct subdorsal on the six foremost segments. The shagreening is only shown in the contour, elsewhere omitted. Length, 7 centim. [Illustration: Plate VII. Aug. Weismann pinx. Lith. J. A. Hofmann, Würzburg. ] [Illustration: Plate VIII. Aug. Weismann pinx. Lith. J. A. Hofmann, Würzburg. ] PLATE VIII. Figs. 71-75 represent segments 8 and 9 of the larva of _Saturnia Carpini_ (German form) in dorsal aspect, all at the fourth stage. The head of the caterpillar is supposed to be above, so that the top segment is the eighth. Fig. 71. _Saturnia Carpini._ Darkest variety. Fig. 72. Lighter variety. Fig. 73. Still lighter variety. Fig. 74. One of the lightest varieties; the black extends further on segments 9 and 10 than on the 8th. Fig. 75. Lightest variety. Figs. 76-80 are only represented on a smaller scale than the remaining Figs. in order to save space; were they enlarged to the same scale they would be larger than the other figures. Fig. 76. _Saturnia Carpini_ (Ligurian form); Segment 8; Stage V. Fig. 77. Same form; same segment in stage VI. Figs. 78, 79, and 80. _Saturnia Carpini_ (German form); dorsal aspect of 8th segment in Stage V. (the last of this form). Fig. 78. Darkest variety. Fig. 79. Lighter variety. Fig. 80. Lightest variety.