The =pileus= is convex to expanded, and the margin at last revolute (upturned). The surface is marked by strong wrinkles (rugæ), which radiate irregularly from the center toward the margin. The pileus is broadly umbonate, fleshy at the center and thinner toward the margin, the flesh tinged with yellow, the surface slightly viscid, but not markedly so even when moist, smooth, not hairy or scaly, the thin margin extending little beyond ends of the gills. The color is tawny (near fulvus). The =gills= are adnate, slightly sinuate, 5--7 mm. broad, in age easily breaking away from the stem and then rounded at this end, spotted with the black spores, lighter on the edge. The =spores= are black in mass (with a suggestion of a purple tinge), oval to broadly elliptical, inequilateral, pointed at each end, echinulate, or minutely tuberculate, 8--11 × 6--8 µ. The =basidia= are short, cylindrical; =cystidia= cylindrical, somewhat enlarged at the free end, hyaline, delicate, thin-walled, in groups of two to six or more (perhaps this is partly responsible for the black spotted condition of the gills). The =stem= is cylindrical, even, somewhat bulbous, of the same color as the pileus, but lighter above the annulus, irregular, smooth, fleshy, hollow, continuous with the substance of the pileus. The =annulus= is formed of a few threads, remnants of the veil, which are stained black by the spores. Figure 29 is from plants (No. 3202 C. U. herbarium) collected near Ithaca, July 18, 1899. [Illustration: PLATE 8, FIGURE 29.--Hypholoma rugocephalum (7/8 natural size). Cap tawny, gills purple black, spotted. Copyright.] STROPHARIA Fr. The genus _Stropharia_ has purple-brown spores, the gills are attached to the stem, and the veil forms a ring on the stem. [Illustration: FIGURE 30.--Stropharia semiglobata (natural size). Cap and stem light yellow, viscid, gills brownish purple. Copyright.] =Stropharia semiglobata= Batsch.--This species is rather common and widely distributed, occurring in grassy places recently manured, or on dung. The plants are scattered or clustered, rarely two or three joined at the base. They are 5--12 cm. high, the cap 1--3 cm. broad, and the stems 2--4 mm. in thickness. The entire plant is light yellow, and viscid when moist, the gills becoming purplish brown, or nearly black. Stevenson says it is regarded as poisonous.